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This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents\n\nof one or both of the Contracting States, except as otherwise\n\nprovided in the Convention.\n\n 2. The Convention shall not restrict in any manner any\n\nexclusion, exemption, deduction, credit, or other allowance now\n\nor hereafter accorded:\n\n a) by the laws of either Contracting state; or\n\n b) by any other agreement between the Contracting\n\n States.\n\n 3. Notwithstanding any provision of the Convention except\n\nparagraph 4, a Contracting State may tax its residents (as\n\ndetermined under Article 4 (Residence) ), and by reason of\n\ncitizenship may tax its citizens, as if the Convention had not\n\ncome into effect. For this purpose, the term \"citizen\" shall\n\ninclude a former citizen whose loss of citizenship had as one of\n\nits principal purposes the avoidance of tax, but only for a\n\nperiod of 10 years following such loss.\n\n 4. 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The existing taxes to which this Convention shall apply\n\nare:\n\n a) in the United states, the Federal income taxes\n\n imposed by the Internal Revenue Code (but excluding the\n\n accumulated earnings tax, the personal holding company tax,\n\n and social security taxes), and the excise taxes imposed on\n\n insurance premiums paid to foreign insurers and with respect\n\n to private foundations (hereinafter referred to as \"United\n\n States tax\"); provided, however, the Convention shall apply\n\n to the excise taxes imposed on insurance premiums paid to\n\n foreign insurers only to the extent that the risks covered by\n\n such premiums are not reinsured with a person not entitled to\n\n exemption from such taxes under this or any other Convention\n\n which applies to these taxes; and\n\n b) in India:\n\f i) the income tax including any surcharge\n\n thereon, but excluding income tax on undistributed\n\n income of companies, imposed under the Income-tax Act;\n\n and\n\n ii) the surtax\n\n (hereinafter referred to as \"Indian tax\").\n\nTaxes referred to in (a) and (b) above shall not include any\n\namount payable in respect of any default or omission in relation\n\nto the above taxes or which represent a penalty imposed relating\n\nto those taxes.\n\n\n\n 2. The Convention shall apply also to any identical or\n\nsubstantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of\n\nsignature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the\n\nexisting taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting\n\nStates shall notify each other of any significant changes which\n\nhave been made in their respective taxation laws and of any\n\nofficial published material concerning the application of the\n\nConvention.", "text_sha256": "ceba83808c0eafd3d34aedb9c59bc42843f4928624e9513ce7e9b20bd2460c05" }, { "article_id": "3", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p7-83", "end_char": 15693, "extracted_page_slot": 7, "local_end": 9, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 15684, "text_sha256": "fcefd892755761ac6112a979ae59af45a2542abee2749f36773aa6ba22628bf0" }, { "block_id": "p7-84", "end_char": 15740, "extracted_page_slot": 7, "local_end": 56, "local_start": 37, "start_char": 15721, "text_sha256": "57e852f5ed2da19d4318d570ebfe115c92bf130597e3075c7333d2b871d5d446" }, { "block_id": "p7-85", "end_char": 15802, "extracted_page_slot": 7, "local_end": 118, "local_start": 64, "start_char": 15748, "text_sha256": "cb0daa02817d6cb207af2e27c568648e0ab831f636b5a3dfc754e6be7d3ae0c2" 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In this Convention, unless the context otherwise\n\nrequires:\n\n a) the term \"India\" means the territory of India and\n\n includes the territorial sea and airspace above it, as well\n\n as any other maritime zone in which India has sovereign\n\frights, other rights and jurisdictions, according to the\n\nIndian law and in accordance with international law;\n\n b) the term \"United States\", when used in a geographical\n\nsense means all the territory of the United States of\n\nAmerica, including its territorial sea, in which the laws\n\nrelating to United states tax are in force, and all the area\n\nbeyond its territorial sea, including the seabed and subsoil\n\nthereof, over which the United States has jurisdiction in\n\naccordance with international law and in which the laws\n\nrelating to United States tax are in force;\n\n c) the terms \"a Contracting state\" and \"the other\n\nContracting state\" mean India or the United States as the\n\ncontext requires;\n\n d) the term \"tax\" means Indian tax or United States tax,\n\nas the context requires;\n\n e) the term \"person\" includes an individual, an estate,\n\na trust, a partnership, a company, any other body of persons,\n\nor other taxable entity;\n\n f) the term \"company\" means any body corporate or any\n\nentity which is treated as a company or body corporate for\n\ntax purposes;\n\n g) the terms \"enterprise of a Contracting state\" and\n\n\"enterprise of the other Contracting state\" mean respectively\n\nan enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting state\n\nand an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other\n\nContracting state;\n\f h) the term \"competent authority\" means, in the case of\n\n India, the Central Government in the Ministry of Finance\n\n (Department of Revenue) or their authorized representative,\n\n and in the case of the United States, the Secretary of the\n\n Treasury or his delegate;\n\n i) the term \"national\" means any individual possessing\n\n the nationality or citizenship of a Contracting State;\n\n j) the term \"international traffic\" means any transport\n\n by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a\n\n Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is\n\n operated solely between places within the other Contracting\n\n State;\n\n k) the term \"taxable year\" in relation to Indian Tax\n\n means \"previous year\" as defined in the Income-tax Act, 1961.\n\n 2. 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"ab50138b048d8c64571321d065b68a57914e45fc5e796caa4f1cc577c7d1a456" } ], "end_char": 21340, "heading": "ARTICLE 4", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/4/index.html", "start_char": 18597, "text": "ARTICLE 4\n\n Residence\n\n\n\n 1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term \"resident\n\nof a Contracting State\" means any person who, under the laws of\n\fthat State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile,\n\nresidence, citizenship, place of management, place of\n\nincorporation, or any other criterion of a similar nature,\n\nprovided, however, that\n\n a) this term does not include any person who is liable\n\n to tax in that state in respect only of income from sources\n\n in that State; and\n\n b) in the case of income derived or paid by a\n\n partnership, estate, or trust, this term applies only to the\n\n extent that the income derived by such partnership, estate,\n\n or trust is subject to tax in that state as the income of a\n\n resident, either in its hands or in the hands of its partners\n\n or beneficiaries.\n\n 2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1, an\n\nindividual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his\n\nstatus shall be determined as follows:\n\n a) he shall be deemed to be a resident of the state in\n\n which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a\n\n permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be\n\n deemed to be a resident of the state with which his personal\n\n and economic relations are closer (centre of vital\n\n interests);\n\n b) if the State in which he has his centre of vital\n\n interests cannot be determined, or if he does not have a\n\n permanent home available to him in either state, he shall be\n\n deemed to be a resident of the state in which he has an\n\n habitual abode;\n\f c) if he has an habitual abode in both States or in\n\n neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the\n\n State of which he is a national;\n\n d) if he is a national of both States or of neither of\n\n them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States\n\n shall settle the question by mutual agreement.\n\n 3. Where, by reason of paragraph 1, a company is a resident\n\nof both Contracting States, such company shall be considered to\n\nbe outside the scope of this Convention except for purposes of\n\nparagraph 2 of Article 10 (Dividends), Article 26 (Non­\n\nDiscrimination) , Article 27 (Mutual Agreement Procedure), Article\n\n28 (Exchange of Information and Administrative Assistance) and\n\nArticle 30 (Entry Into Force).\n\n 4. Where, by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1, a\n\nperson other than an individual or a company is a resident of\n\nboth Contracting States, the competent authorities of the\n\nContracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement\n\nand determine the mode of application of the Convention to such\n\nperson.", "text_sha256": "80c8b23134d300915a2e12e2ceaf7361e7ddb62918680bc7ea2adff78692de19" }, { "article_id": "5", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p11-183", "end_char": 21384, "extracted_page_slot": 11, "local_end": 9, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 21375, "text_sha256": "8ce15c6f2bf8705e3e20f555475a9d3116b281a209fcb6a512839db22c13623d" }, { "block_id": "p11-184", "end_char": 21433, "extracted_page_slot": 11, "local_end": 58, "local_start": 35, "start_char": 21410, "text_sha256": "e3cc29f4eeb98415064dda7782196a2f4af076c50b5924538f32b3e006e30af3" }, { "block_id": "p11-185", "end_char": 21503, "extracted_page_slot": 11, "local_end": 128, "local_start": 66, "start_char": 21441, 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"extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 5191, "local_start": 5134, "start_char": 26509, "text_sha256": "f42441de5b512316c559cbd43b07f2343b14c08f0ac1e4f86d9ee84dd714242f" }, { "block_id": "p15-272", "end_char": 26627, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 5252, "local_start": 5193, "start_char": 26568, "text_sha256": "879a5cc75d570210aefdc9abd4e6c43f52fae6364ee737f2256630173dbc3b8f" }, { "block_id": "p15-273", "end_char": 26683, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 5308, "local_start": 5254, "start_char": 26629, "text_sha256": "bbcbb46338ded73c9b683b806eb5813f836b9423687eca3449311eb0a63ec2e8" } ], "end_char": 26683, "heading": "ARTICLE 5", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/5/index.html", "start_char": 21375, "text": "ARTICLE 5\n\n Permanent Establishment\n\n\n\n 1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term \"permanent\n\nestablishment\" means a fixed place of business through which the\n\nbusiness of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.\n\f2. The term \"permanent establishment\" includes especially:\n\n a) a place of management;\n\n b) a branch;\n\n c) an office;\n\n d) a factory;\n\n e) a workshop;\n\n f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry, or any other\n\nplace of extraction of natural resources;\n\n g) a warehouse, in relation to a person providing\n\nstorage facilities for others;\n\n h) a farm, plantation or other place where agriculture,\n\nforestry, plantation or related activities are carried on;\n\n i) a store or premises used as a sales outlet;\n\n j) an installation or structure used for the exploration\n\nor exploitation of natural resources, but only if so used for\n\na period of more than 120 days in any twelve month period;\n\n k) a building site or construction, installation or\n\nassembly project or supervisory activities in connection\n\ntherewith, where such site, project or activities (together\n\nwith other such sites, projects or activities, if any)\n\ncontinue for a period of more than 120 days in any twelve\n\nmonth period;\n\n 1) the furnishing of services, other than included\n\nservices as defined in Article 12 (Royalties and Fees for\n\nIncluded Services), within a Contracting state by an\n\nenterprise through employees or other personnel, but only if:\n\f i) activities of that nature continue within that\n\n State for a period or periods aggregating more than 90\n\n days within any twelve-month period; or\n\n ii ) the services are performed within that state for a\n\n related enterprise (within the meaning of paragraph 1 of\n\n Article 9 (Associated Enterprises)).\n\n 3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article,\n\nthe term \"permanent establishment\" shall be deemed not to include\n\nany one or more of the following:\n\n a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of\n\n storage, display, or occasional delivery of goods or\n\n merchandise belonging to the enterprise;\n\n b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise\n\n belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of\n\n storage, display, or occasional delivery;\n\n c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise\n\n belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of\n\n processing by another enterprise;\n\n d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely\n\n for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise, or of\n\n collecting information, for the enterprise;\n\n e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely\n\n for the purpose of advertising, for the supply of\n\n information, for scientific research or for other activities\n\n which have a preparatory or auxiliary character, for the\n\n enterprise.\n\f 4. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2,\n\nwhere a person - other than an agent of an independent status to\n\nwhom paragraph 5 applies - is acting in a Contracting state on\n\nbehalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting state, that\n\nenterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in\n\nthe first-mentioned state if:\n\n a) he has and habitually exercises in the first-\n\n mentioned State an authority to conclude contracts on behalf\n\n of the enterprise, unless his activities are limited to those\n\n mentioned in paragraph 3 which, if exercised through a fixed\n\n place of business, would not make that fixed place of\n\n business a permanent establishment under the provisions of\n\n that paragraph;\n\n b) he has no such authority but habitually maintains in\n\n the first-mentioned state a stock of goods or merchandise\n\n from which he regularly delivers goods or merchandise on\n\n behalf of the enterprise, and some additional activities\n\n conducted in that state on behalf of the enterprise have\n\n contributed to the sale of the goods or merchandise; or\n\n c) he habitually secures orders in the first-mentioned\n\n State, wholly or almost wholly for the enterprise.\n\n 5. An enterprise of a Contracting state shall not be deemed\n\nto have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting state\n\nmerely because it carries on business in that other state through\n\na broker, general commission agent, or any other agent of an\n\nindependent status, provided that such persons are acting in the\n\fordinary course of their business. However, when the activities\n\nof such an agent are devoted wholly or almost wholly on behalf of\n\nthat enterprise and the transactions between the agent and the\n\nenterprise are not made under arm’s-length conditions, he shall\n\nnot be considered an agent of independent status within the\n\nmeaning of this paragraph.\n\n 6. The fact that a company which is a resident of a\n\nContracting state controls or is controlled by a company which is.\n\na resident of the other Contracting state, or which carries on\n\nbusiness in that other state (whether through a permanent\n\nestablishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute\n\neither company a permanent establishment of the other.", "text_sha256": "a8ff0aba874bd268eebdf97201c08031662cbd4ff6ccf3b7f138d9754212e15b" }, { "article_id": "6", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p15-274", "end_char": 26725, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 9, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 26716, "text_sha256": "e8612dfbb7b19c342a36bba3e6461716b5580ca1a1a76741e126513f009cbde8" }, { "block_id": "p15-275", "end_char": 26784, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 68, "local_start": 22, "start_char": 26738, "text_sha256": "dede72393bfc5bab4196a2f1e6ccff146ac160f4ff594f6512853d98c05f1ff2" }, { "block_id": "p15-276", "end_char": 26853, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 137, "local_start": 76, "start_char": 26792, "text_sha256": "8aa7b7c33c0e02aee0ad660097ffaa77022a3939759de90ce27353f6da91d45d" }, { "block_id": "p15-277", "end_char": 26912, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 196, "local_start": 139, "start_char": 26855, "text_sha256": "4d25332b2753168b0e56317150612db7f6f178a5cff9b7724e4ea12d2cfe275c" }, { "block_id": "p15-278", "end_char": 26978, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 262, "local_start": 198, "start_char": 26914, "text_sha256": "dc945da7ea2cc979043394db5a5541773d997acb5338780237cf633a09923045" }, { "block_id": "p15-279", "end_char": 27013, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 297, "local_start": 264, "start_char": 26980, "text_sha256": "85753bb1be0870563cf565cbd04ae54de090f90b998cc6b836b25377034cbf29" }, { "block_id": "p15-280", "end_char": 27076, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 360, "local_start": 302, "start_char": 27018, "text_sha256": "b773d001623248fd24e1d774479f1fef82c83214f37d5dfa92901e619cfebeda" }, { "block_id": "p15-281", "end_char": 27142, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 426, "local_start": 362, "start_char": 27078, "text_sha256": "721f9e1c31467203b6e730932460e18a8f0685accc72438c7f3b9f2d79263809" }, { "block_id": "p15-282", "end_char": 27177, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 461, "local_start": 428, "start_char": 27144, "text_sha256": "4e11ae0fa946e051c25e1c273c03f12439546bd8a2252767366841352b3398f4" }, { "block_id": "p15-283", "end_char": 27244, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 528, "local_start": 466, "start_char": 27182, "text_sha256": "ecbb6ddfa518261d9fda2eeed45dccb31accbfce49e4a0c13d438930bd0b55ac" }, { "block_id": "p15-284", "end_char": 27311, "extracted_page_slot": 15, "local_end": 595, "local_start": 530, "start_char": 27246, "text_sha256": "c0c8ec5ccbe42bca6cd4c8cf9b26fd28637c4ba99b6fbb316efc63c398d59c0a" }, { "block_id": "p16-285", "end_char": 27399, "extracted_page_slot": 16, "local_end": 683, "local_start": 622, "start_char": 27338, "text_sha256": "5d9afb4a13b1aa00828aa97995e76d62b7adfd160af281503cd4828bf2ec0544" }, { "block_id": "p16-286", "end_char": 27466, "extracted_page_slot": 16, "local_end": 750, "local_start": 685, "start_char": 27401, "text_sha256": "b9fd6729b9d4ca2a3813e7cfb797fa451c238c164db7921edb2cf4fe04002c0d" }, { "block_id": "p16-287", "end_char": 27531, "extracted_page_slot": 16, "local_end": 815, "local_start": 752, "start_char": 27468, "text_sha256": "a414eb6481e7068f70446f4a44525f0607e3c85f84c838b6dea393ca7f171a95" }, { "block_id": "p16-288", "end_char": 27551, "extracted_page_slot": 16, "local_end": 835, "local_start": 817, "start_char": 27533, "text_sha256": "10b5fb3d3e8ca6eaa6aeb459b4561f04eb6159c012a7d5459a1f086b03fb35d6" } ], "end_char": 27551, "heading": "ARTICLE 6", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/6/index.html", "start_char": 26716, "text": "ARTICLE 6\n\n Income From Immovable Property (Real Property)\n\n\n\n 1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting state from\n\nimmovable property (real property), including income from\n\nagriculture or forestry, situated in the other Contracting state\n\nmay be taxed in that other state.\n\n 2. The term \"immovable property” shall have the meaning\n\nwhich it has under the law of the Contracting state in which the\n\nproperty in question is situated.\n\n 3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to income\n\nderived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of\n\nimmovable property.\n\f 4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to\n\nthe income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income\n\nfrom immovable property used for the performance of independent\n\npersonal services.", "text_sha256": "1a617bcc628f1b3161c2e0ca6f82e1a9b32572a0c9f068d0241fbb0636ab21c1" }, { "article_id": "7", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p16-289", "end_char": 27593, "extracted_page_slot": 16, "local_end": 9, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 27584, "text_sha256": "98d792d09aa432de7c896b102a5e2de59087d469685e3859e0f7837ba1350f87" }, { "block_id": "p16-290", "end_char": 27637, "extracted_page_slot": 16, "local_end": 53, "local_start": 37, "start_char": 27621, "text_sha256": "dd7ebb8b768ad89374a4245009d93e1b0160073d51d172a0df1a7fee1b4ea2bb" }, { "block_id": "p16-291", "end_char": 27707, "extracted_page_slot": 16, "local_end": 123, "local_start": 61, "start_char": 27645, "text_sha256": "b8615e388062475d9cbc44e300d7c4c786178762b3577dccc0d70f1cec52e37d" }, { "block_id": "p16-292", 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"extracted_page_slot": 19, "local_end": 4839, "local_start": 4777, "start_char": 32361, "text_sha256": "e674a4c4f18516f9e29573d19bc2529c20581e21a9bd2ff0a15b3c96523026ef" }, { "block_id": "p19-365", "end_char": 32484, "extracted_page_slot": 19, "local_end": 4900, "local_start": 4841, "start_char": 32425, "text_sha256": "27726bdcae72f545fc9b53a33f80bdefe242cfa3b385524ed25e7084bd129ea2" }, { "block_id": "p19-366", "end_char": 32548, "extracted_page_slot": 19, "local_end": 4964, "local_start": 4902, "start_char": 32486, "text_sha256": "e65512407b8e2617a9e5d063d1362f09eb7df7e757c804abb4a2e8626c638d16" }, { "block_id": "p19-367", "end_char": 32560, "extracted_page_slot": 19, "local_end": 4976, "local_start": 4966, "start_char": 32550, "text_sha256": "8a4975088014c82aae04139df41b527bfd1a8bdb07b1edc633e97076f117a927" } ], "end_char": 32560, "heading": "ARTICLE 7", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/7/index.html", "start_char": 27584, "text": "ARTICLE 7\n\n Business Profits\n\n\n\n 1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting state shall\n\nbe taxable only in that state unless the enterprise carries on\n\nbusiness in the other Contracting state through a permanent\n\nestablishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on\n\nbusiness as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed\n\nin the other state but only so much of them as is attributable to\n\na) that permanent establishment; b) sales in the other state of\n\ngoods or merchandise of the same or similar kind as those sold\n\nthrough that permanent establishment; or c) other business\n\nactivities carried on in the other state of the same or similar\n\nkind as those effected through that permanent establishment.\n\n 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an\n\nenterprise of a Contracting state carries on business in the\n\nother Contracting state through a permanent establishment\n\nsituated therein, there shall in each Contracting state be\n\nattributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it\n\nmight be expected to make if it were a distinct and independent\n\nenterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the\n\fsame or similar conditions and dealing wholly at arm’s-length\n\n with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment and\n\nother enterprises controlling, controlled by or subject to the\n\nsame common control as that enterprise. In any case where the\n\ncorrect amount of profits attributable to a permanent\n\nestablishment is incapable of determination or the determination\n\nthereof presents exceptional difficulties, the profits\n\nattributable to the permanent establishment may be estimated on a\n\nreasonable basis. The estimate adopted shall, however, be such\n\nthat the result shall be in accordance with the principles\n\ncontained in this Article.\n\n 3. In the determination of the profits of a permanent\n\nestablishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses\n\nwhich are incurred for the purposes of the business of the\n\npermanent establishment, including a reasonable allocation of\n\nexecutive and general administrative expenses, research and\n\ndevelopment expenses, interest, and other expenses incurred for\n\nthe purposes of the enterprise as a whole (or the part thereof\n\nwhich includes the permanent establishment), whether incurred in\n\nthe State in which the permanent establishment is situated or\n\nelsewhere, in accordance with the provisions of and subject to\n\nthe limitations of the taxation laws of that state. However, no\n\nsuch deduction shall be allowed in respect of amounts, if any,\n\npaid (otherwise than toward reimbursement of actual expenses) by\n\nthe permanent establishment to the head office of the enterprise\n\nor any of its other offices, by way of royalties, fees or other\n\fsimilar payments in return for the use of patents, know-how or\n\nother rights, or by way of commission or other charges for\n\nspecific services performed or for management, or, except in the\n\ncase of banking enterprises, by way of interest on moneys lent to\n\nthe permanent establishment. Likewise, no account shall be\n\ntaken, in the determination of the profits of a permanent\n\nestablishment, for amounts charged (otherwise than toward\n\nreimbursement of actual expenses), by the permanent establishment\n\nto the head office of the enterprise or any of its other offices,\n\nby way of royalties, fees or other similar payments in return for\n\nthe use of patents, know-how or other rights, or by way of\n\ncommission or other charges for specific services performed or\n\nfor management, or, except in the case of a banking enterprise,\n\nby way of interest on moneys lent to the head office of the\n\nenterprise or any of its other offices.\n\n 4. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent\n\nestablishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent\n\nestablishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.\n\n 5. For the purposes of this Convention, the profits to be\n\nattributed to the permanent establishment as provided in\n\nparagraph 1(a) of this Article shall include only the profits\n\nderived from the assets and activities of the permanent\n\nestablishment and shall be determined by the same method year by\n\nyear unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.\n\n 6. Where profits include items of income which are dealt\n\nwith separately in other Articles of the Convention, then the\n\fprovisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the\n\nprovisions of this Article.\n\n 7. For the purposes of the Convention, the term \"business\n\nprofits\" means income derived from any trade or business\n\nincluding income from the furnishing of services other than\n\nincluded services as defined in Article 12 (Royalties and Fees\n\nfor Included Services) and including income from the rental of\n\ntangible personal property other than property described in\n\nparagraph 3 (b) of Article 12 (Royalties and Fees for Included\n\nservices).", "text_sha256": "5485066fb5177b02d92e9bd6670cd63170f8f1a41b458ef5bfd08a70fb7cf6e2" }, { "article_id": "8", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p19-368", "end_char": 32603, "extracted_page_slot": 19, "local_end": 9, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 32594, "text_sha256": "452b24b0c6437c4f6d44430c2ca59d2ce925c8ba1a1e80335c278ce6e95b63c8" }, { "block_id": "p19-369", "end_char": 32652, "extracted_page_slot": 19, "local_end": 58, "local_start": 32, "start_char": 32626, "text_sha256": "be2017478e68297ecfcef2027e13a5ef5c99b796b196284ccbc0eed2b8f260c6" }, { 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"2796f1e95a2ade7875cfac8a19c55ad22167357f0def7b93f711cb363bbb0e2a" }, { "block_id": "p20-402", "end_char": 34597, "extracted_page_slot": 20, "local_end": 2003, "local_start": 1939, "start_char": 34533, "text_sha256": "34b3baaa09067534023ace4446f7d18b27df0bff1b8e2e3c7439f9c4807b3b22" }, { "block_id": "p20-403", "end_char": 34610, "extracted_page_slot": 20, "local_end": 2016, "local_start": 2005, "start_char": 34599, "text_sha256": "163eb3a8aeee00222ae6f8d0ccb75d2d31907b90e46a524295766c46cc252aea" } ], "end_char": 34610, "heading": "ARTICLE 8", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/8/index.html", "start_char": 32594, "text": "ARTICLE 8\n\n Shipping and Air Transport\n\n\n\n 1. Profits derived by an enterprise of a Contracting state\n\nfrom the operation by that enterprise of ships or aircraft in\n\ninternational traffic shall be taxable only in that state.\n\n 2. For the purposes of this Article, profits from the\n\noperation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall\n\nmean profits derived by an enterprise described in paragraph 1\n\nfrom the transportation by sea or air respectively of passengers,\n\nmail, livestock or goods carried on by the owners or lessees or\n\ncharterers of ships or aircraft including—\n\n a) the sale of tickets for such transportation on\n\n behalf of other enterprises;\n\n b) other activity directly connected with such\n\n transportation; and\n\f c) the rental of ships or aircraft incidental to any\n\n activity directly connected with such transportation.\n\n 3. Profits of an enterprise of a Contracting state described\n\nin paragraph 1 from the use, maintenance, or rental of containers\n\n(including trailers, barges, and related equipment for the\n\ntransport of containers) used in connection with the operation\n\nof ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable\n\nonly in that state.\n\n 4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to\n\nprofits from participation in a pool, a joint business, or an\n\ninternational operating agency.\n\n 5. For the purposes of this Article, interest on funds\n\nconnected with the operation of ships or aircraft in\n\ninternational traffic shall be regarded as profits derived from\n\nthe operation of such ships or aircraft, and the provisions of\n\nArticle 11 (Interest) shall not apply in relation to such\n\ninterest.\n\n 6. Gains derived by an enterprise of a Contracting state\n\ndescribed in paragraph 1 from the alienation of ships, aircraft\n\nor containers owned and operated by the enterprise, the income\n\nfrom which is taxable only in that state, shall be taxed only in\n\nthat State.", "text_sha256": "a3a17ebd977ef6a9df2960045ee73799c52436544878970e4aba8a9206cb9961" }, { "article_id": "9", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p20-404", "end_char": 34657, "extracted_page_slot": 20, "local_end": 9, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 34648, "text_sha256": "816e85dd93b21b189c2af3b8511251619163a83b687de3fa11f453a70df09b21" }, { "block_id": "p20-405", "end_char": 34704, "extracted_page_slot": 20, "local_end": 56, "local_start": 34, "start_char": 34682, "text_sha256": "9113745840163405f5e84e8099d7e83ae45ab41984a5ce17dcef68acf89f389e" }, { "block_id": "p21-406", "end_char": 34788, "extracted_page_slot": 21, "local_end": 140, "local_start": 86, "start_char": 34734, "text_sha256": 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"extracted_page_slot": 21, "local_end": 1300, "local_start": 1235, "start_char": 35883, "text_sha256": "5d72b184291ba1d8b40eef89f273f24592d0d5ae7521e1b44cb0d3d56d358631" }, { "block_id": "p21-426", "end_char": 36015, "extracted_page_slot": 21, "local_end": 1367, "local_start": 1302, "start_char": 35950, "text_sha256": "38ac16375bfe0c3ff5e336bf5231c9eaaa60635f1e2004031a4cdbb4921452cb" }, { "block_id": "p21-427", "end_char": 36082, "extracted_page_slot": 21, "local_end": 1434, "local_start": 1369, "start_char": 36017, "text_sha256": "2c9cb4ca410a412b312269fd8f3852b5e746636da95b2f5329b1112122500903" }, { "block_id": "p21-428", "end_char": 36141, "extracted_page_slot": 21, "local_end": 1493, "local_start": 1436, "start_char": 36084, "text_sha256": "10e730f7dccb2fc6200dbdfc77ffa6e04c1fc5d4c73544384fcb55730a9156f0" }, { "block_id": "p21-429", "end_char": 36202, "extracted_page_slot": 21, "local_end": 1554, "local_start": 1495, "start_char": 36143, "text_sha256": "d4c74e2531a04884b733930ab79af3ee332a3677eed071b50569f3a9a63a56c4" }, { "block_id": "p21-430", "end_char": 36269, "extracted_page_slot": 21, "local_end": 1621, "local_start": 1556, "start_char": 36204, "text_sha256": "84f4f70222fa4c7803e862b2e04d5aa8c3b7e8a37aa2e698aad7406e0e1b00bd" } ], "end_char": 36335, "heading": "ARTICLE 9", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/9/index.html", "start_char": 34648, "text": "ARTICLE 9\n\n Associated Enterprises\n\n\n\n 1. Where:\n\f a) an enterprise of a Contracting state participates\n\n directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital\n\n of an enterprise of the other Contracting state; or\n\n b) the same persons participate directly or indirectly\n\n in the management, control, or capital of an enterprise of a\n\n Contracting state and an enterprise of the other Contracting\n\n State,\n\nand in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two\n\nenterprises in their commercial or financial relations which\n\ndiffer from those which would be made between independent\n\nenterprises, then any profits which, but for those conditions\n\nwould have accrued to one of the enterprises, but by reason of\n\nthose conditions have not so accrued, may be included in the\n\nprofits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.\n\n 2. Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an\n\nenterprise of that state, and taxes accordingly, profits on which\n\nan enterprise of the other Contracting state has been charged to\n\ntax in that other state, and the profits so included are profits\n\nwhich would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned\n\nState if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been\n\nthose which would have been made between independent enterprises,\n\nthen that other state shall make an appropriate adjustment to the\n\namount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In\n\ndetermining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the\n\nother provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities\n\nof the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.", "text_sha256": "743973570396a177ce8548c4abcd894150bba697842f761e073dbe5e8b85a901" }, { "article_id": "10", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p22-431", "end_char": 36377, "extracted_page_slot": 22, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 36367, "text_sha256": "9a16009817056b58391122b8c66f9bd2b3fea4744823d9e4517e787017d9eaa0" }, { "block_id": "p22-432", "end_char": 36418, "extracted_page_slot": 22, "local_end": 51, "local_start": 42, "start_char": 36409, "text_sha256": "6e0b22a7cbc02ac3fa07d45e2880b7696aaebeb29574dce81789e570570c9002" }, { "block_id": "p22-433", "end_char": 36483, "extracted_page_slot": 22, "local_end": 116, "local_start": 58, "start_char": 36425, "text_sha256": "637d07010224c2ee2d4aae5f0af5cf5b0de379a83d3edf3735deebbb081bd82f" }, { "block_id": "p22-434", "end_char": 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"extracted_page_slot": 24, "local_end": 3323, "local_start": 3277, "start_char": 39644, "text_sha256": "c500f980ce21698f6970c9fe6b0b39f3c15971807b9c2a5ea9798ed976684150" } ], "end_char": 39690, "heading": "ARTICLE 10", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/10/index.html", "start_char": 36367, "text": "ARTICLE 10\n\n Dividends\n\n\n\n 1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a\n\nContracting state to a resident of the other Contracting state\n\nmay be taxed in that other state.\n\n 2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the\n\nContracting state of which the company paying the dividends is a\n\nresident, and according to the laws of that state, but if the\n\nbeneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other\n\nContracting state, the tax so charged shall not exceed:\n\n a) 15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends if\n\n the beneficial owner is a company which owns at least 10 per\n\n cent of the voting stock of the company paying the dividends;\n\n b) 25 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends in\n\n all other cases.\n\nSubparagraph b) and not subparagraph a) shall apply in the case\n\nof dividends paid by a United States person which is a Regulated\n\nInvestment Company. Subparagraph a) shall not apply to dividends\n\npaid by a United States person which is a Real Estate Investment\n\nTrust, and subparagraph b) shall only apply if the dividend is\n\nbeneficially owned by an individual holding a less than 10\n\npercent interest in the Real Estate Investment Trust. This\n\nparagraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect\n\nof the profits out of which the dividends are paid.\n\f 3. The term \"dividends\" as used in this Article means income\n\nfrom shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating\n\nin profits, income from other corporate rights which are\n\nsubjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by\n\nthe taxation laws of the state of which the company making the\n\ndistribution is a resident; and income from arrangements,\n\nincluding debt obligations, carrying the right to participate in\n\nprofits, to the extent so characterized under the laws of the\n\nContracting state in which the income arises.\n\n 4 The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if\n\nthe beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a\n\nContracting state, carries on business in the other Contracting\n\nState, of which the company paying the dividends is a resident,\n\nthrough a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs\n\nin that other state independent personal services from a fixed\n\nbase situated therein, and the dividends are attributable to such\n\npermanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the\n\nprovisions of Article 7 (Business Profits) or Article\n\n15 (Independent Personal Services), as the case may be, shall\n\napply.\n\n 5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting\n\nState derives profits or income from the other Contracting State,\n\nthat other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by\n\nthe company except insofar as such dividends are paid to a\n\nresident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect\n\nof which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a\n\f -21-\n\n\n\npermanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other\n\nState, nor subject the company’s undistributed profits to a tax\n\non the company’s undistributed profits, even if the dividends\n\npaid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of\n\nprofits or income arising in such other state.", "text_sha256": "17743dc4d04cc1ff2ebe8292ef8433c142ed9b9f704094c0c35b82b03ac98db1" }, { "article_id": "11", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p24-485", "end_char": 39735, "extracted_page_slot": 24, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 39725, "text_sha256": 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"pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/11/index.html", "start_char": 39725, "text": "ARTICLE 11\n\n Interest\n\n\n\n 1. Interest arising in a Contracting state and paid to a\n\nresident of the other Contracting state may be taxed in that\n\nother State.\n\n 2. However, such interest may also be taxed in the\n\nContracting state in which it arises, and according to the laws\n\nof that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a\n\nresident of the other Contracting state, the tax so charged shall\n\nnot exceed:\n\n a) 10 percent of the gross amount of the interest if\n\n such interest is paid on a loan granted by a bank carrying on\n\n a bona fide banking business or by a similar financial\n\n institution (including an insurance company); and\n\n b) 15 percent of the gross amount of the interest in all\n\n other cases.\n\n 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this\n\nArticle, interest arising in a Contracting state:\n\n a) and derived and beneficially owned by the Governmentof the other Cont\n\f local authority thereof, the Reserve Bank of India, or the\n\n Federal Reserve Banks of the United States, as the case may\n\n be, and such other institutions of either Contracting state\n\n as the competent authorities may agree pursuant to Article 27\n\n (Mutual Agreement Procedure);\n\n b) with respect to loans or credits extended or endorsed\n\n i) by the Export Import Bank of the United States,\n\n when India is the first-mentioned Contracting state; and\n\n ii) by the EXIM Bank of India, when the United States\n\n is the first-mentioned Contracting state; and\n\n c) to the extent approved by the Government of that\n\n state, and derived and beneficially owned by any person,\n\n other than a person referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b),\n\n who is a resident of the other Contracting state, provided\n that the transaction giving rise to the debt-claim has been\n\n approved in this behalf by the Government of the first-\n\n mentioned Contracting state;\n\nshall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned Contracting\n\nstate.\n\n 4. The term \"interest” as used in this Convention means\n\nincome from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by\n\nmortgage, and whether or not carrying a right to participate in\n\nthe debtor’s profits, and in particular, income from government\n\nsecurities, and income from bonds or debentures, including\n\npremiums or prizes attaching to such securities, bonds, or\n\ndebentures. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be\n\fregarded as interest for the purposes of the Convention.\n\nHowever, the term \"interest\" does not include income dealt with\n\nin Article 10 (Dividends).\n\n 5. The provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 shall not apply if\n\nthe beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a\n\nContracting state, carries on business in the other Contracting\n\nState in which the interest arises, through a permanent\n\nestablishment situated therein, or performs in that other state\n\nindependent personal services from a fixed base situated therein,\n\nand the interest is attributable to such permanent establishment\n\nor fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7\n\n(Business Profits) or Article 15 (Independent Personal Services),\n\nas the case may be, shall apply.\n\n 6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting state\n\nwhen the payer is that state itself or a political subdivision,\n\nlocal authority, or resident of that state. Where, however, the\n\nperson paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a\n\nContracting state or not, has in a Contracting state a permanent\n\nestablishment or a fixed base, and such interest is borne by such\n\npermanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall\n\nbe deemed to arise in the Contracting state in which the\n\npermanent establishment or fixed base is situated.\n\n 7. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the\n\npayer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some\n\nother person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the\n\ndebt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would\n\fhave been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in\n\nthe absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article\n\nshall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case the\n\nexcess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the\n\nlaws of each Contracting state, due regard being had to the other\n\nprovisions of the Convention.", "text_sha256": "e87e9b5a0bdc5a8ce5a4fe1aa1d2cc8356b31ff6c3d782887fbdcd2259dd5cd8" }, { "article_id": "12", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p27-558", "end_char": 44277, "extracted_page_slot": 27, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 44267, "text_sha256": "5ca8bdec1801e3eaccce0f743e1b0d7e656b444b6211a2a353561d167788ce19" }, { "block_id": "p27-559", "end_char": 44335, "extracted_page_slot": 27, "local_end": 68, "local_start": 28, "start_char": 44295, "text_sha256": "ee28243d6ab85aa9e3032157303cc3c1b8e13fe55d6003606085c3a15bb52803" }, { "block_id": "p27-560", "end_char": 44401, "extracted_page_slot": 27, "local_end": 134, "local_start": 76, "start_char": 44343, "text_sha256": "0631b4bb855496d613f577755c4dab75163331951b7ea496dcfc9095d205d35e" }, { "block_id": "p27-561", "end_char": 44468, 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"901ff03ed3508b7038d30b4653717a397b31236e45dea7ac14aaa40e16299d0d" }, { "block_id": "p31-670", "end_char": 51169, "extracted_page_slot": 31, "local_end": 6902, "local_start": 6837, "start_char": 51104, "text_sha256": "ebda501223338e6519fec36ca22cfadbbfe229db77be8ce9e1e84431e1ab842f" }, { "block_id": "p31-671", "end_char": 51200, "extracted_page_slot": 31, "local_end": 6933, "local_start": 6904, "start_char": 51171, "text_sha256": "3aad97f2af337a33f29c34a14ba96cfb1ca7b34e3e3f376e3df4b102d0e9f9d4" } ], "end_char": 51200, "heading": "ARTICLE 12", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/12/index.html", "start_char": 44267, "text": "ARTICLE 12\n\n Royalties and Fees for Included Services\n\n\n\n 1. Royalties and fees for included services arising in a\n\nContracting state and paid to a resident of the other Contracting\n\nState may be taxed in that other state.\n\n 2. However, such royalties and fees for included services\n\nmay also be taxed in the Contracting state in which they arise\n\nand according to the laws of that state; but if the beneficial\n\nowner of the royalties or fees for included services is a\n\nresident of the other Contracting state, the tax so charged shall\n\nnot exceed:\n\n a) in the case of royalties referred to in sub-paragraph\n\n (a) of paragraph 3 and fees for included services as defined\n\n in this Article (other than services described in\n\n sub-paragraph (b) of this paragraph):\n\n i) during the first five taxable years for which\n\n this Convention has effect,\n\n A) 15 percent of the gross amount of the\n\f royalties or fees for included services as defined in\n\n this Article, where the payer of the royalties or\n\n fees is the Government of that Contracting state, a\n\n political subdivision or a public sector company; and\n\n B) 20 percent of the gross amount of the\n\n royalties or fees for included services in all other\n\n cases; and\n\n ii) during the subsequent years, 15 percent of the\n\n gross amount of royalties or fees for included services;\n\n and\n\n b) in the case of royalties referred to in sub-paragraph\n\n (b) of paragraph 3 and fees for included services as defined\n\n in this Article that are ancillary and subsidiary to the\n\n enjoyment of the property for which payment is received under\n\n paragraph 3 (b) of this Article, 10 percent of the gross\n\n amount of the royalties or fees for included services.\n\n 3. The term \"royalties\" as used in this Article means:\n\n a) payments of any kind received as a consideration for the\n\nuse of, or the right to use, any copyright of a literary,\n\nartistic, or scientific work, including cinematograph films or\n\nwork on film, tape or other means of reproduction for use in\n\nconnection with radio or television broadcasting, any patent,\n\ntrademark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or\n\nfor information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific\n\nexperience, including gains derived from the alienation of any\n\nsuch right or property which are contingent on the productivity,\n\nuse, or disposition thereof; and\n\f b) payments of any kind received as consideration for the use\n\nof, or the right to use, any industrial, commercial, or\n\nscientific equipment, other than payments derived by an\n\nenterprise described in paragraph 1 of Article 8 (Shipping and\n\nAir Transport) from activities described in paragraph 2(c) or 3\n\nof Article 8.\n\n 4. For purposes of this Article, \"fees for included\n\nservices\" means payments of any kind to any person in\n\nconsideration for the rendering of any technical or consultancy\n\nservices (including through the provision of services of\n\ntechnical or other personnel) if such services:\n\n a) are ancillary and subsidiary to the application or\n\nenjoyment of the right, property or information for which a\n\npayment described in paragraph 3 is received; or\n\n b) make available technical knowledge, experience, skill,\n\nknow-how, or processes, or consist of the development and\n\ntransfer of a technical plan or technical design.\n\n 5. Notwithstanding paragraph 4, \"fees for included services\"\n\ndoes not include amounts paid:\n\n a) for services that are ancillary and subsidiary, as well\n\nas inextricably and essentially linked, to the sale of property\n\nother than a sale described in paragraph 3(a);\n\n b) for services that are ancillary and subsidiary to the\n\nrental of ships, aircraft, containers or other equipment used in\n\nconnection with the operation of ships or aircraft in\n\ninternational traffic;\n\f c) for teaching in or by educational institutions;\n\n d) for services for the personal use of the individual or\n\nindividuals making the payment; or\n\n e) to an employee of the person making the payments or to\n\nany individual or firm of individuals (other than a company) for\n\nprofessional services as defined in Article 15 (Independent\n\nPersonal Services) .\n\n 6. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if\n\nthe beneficial owner of the royalties or fees for included\n\n services, being a resident of a Contracting state, carries on\n\nbusiness in the other Contracting state, in which the royalties\n\nor fees for included services arise, through a permanent\n\nestablishment situated therein, or performs in that other state\n\nindependent personal services from a fixed base situated therein,\n\nand the royalties or fees for included services are attributable\n\nto such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the\n\nprovisions of Article 7 (Business Profits) or Article 15\n\n(Independent Personal Services), as the case may be, shall apply.\n\n 7. (a) Royalties and fees for included services shall be\n\ndeemed to arise in a Contracting state when the payer is that\n\nstate itself, a political subdivision, a local authority, or a\n\nresident of that state. Where, however, the person paying the\n\nroyalties or fees for included services, whether he is a resident\n\nof a Contracting state or not, has in a Contracting state a\n\npermanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which\n\nthe liability to pay the royalties or fees for included services\n\fwas incurred, and such royalties or fees for included services\n\nare borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then\n\nsuch royalties or fees for included services shall be deemed to\n\narise in the Contracting state in which the permanent\n\nestablishment or fixed base is situated.\n\n (b) Where under subparagraph (a) royalties or fees for\n\nincluded services do not arise in one of the Contracting States,\n\nand the royalties relate to the use of, or the right to use, the\n\nright or property, or the fees for included services relate to\n\nservices performed, in one of the Contracting States, the\n\nroyalties or fees for included services shall be deemed to arise\n\nin that Contracting state.\n\n 8. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the\n\npayer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some\n\nother person, the amount of the royalties or fees for included\n\nservices paid exceeds the amount which would have been paid in\n\nthe absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article\n\nshall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the\n\nexcess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the\n\nlaws of each Contracting state, due regard being had to the other\n\nprovisions of the Convention.", "text_sha256": "69c9fbe72d48fa4299ba382466cbc022631e8a03a175f4c950eb5bc651ca2178" }, { "article_id": "13", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p31-672", "end_char": 51243, "extracted_page_slot": 31, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 51233, "text_sha256": "54ae3b53df5532c51a5142050643b1742d432803ac68f73c494d383baf66a445" }, { "block_id": "p31-673", "end_char": 51284, "extracted_page_slot": 31, "local_end": 51, "local_start": 46, "start_char": 51279, "text_sha256": "ca59ba4d03961f3f354b9c194747a12de6b5e7ba024ef0c7813574eb02eb524c" }, { "block_id": "p31-674", "end_char": 51358, "extracted_page_slot": 31, "local_end": 125, "local_start": 59, "start_char": 51292, "text_sha256": "13d2bbdc9c37609b5c126e2ef8948a3042502e7a82adb77aecf3021ba88f9303" }, { "block_id": "p32-675", "end_char": 51480, 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"7d440230973665d64268c388a96e15e97f7b4bce7f23f355b88e751bc3c8fccb" } ], "end_char": 54254, "heading": "ARTICLE 14", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/14/index.html", "start_char": 51515, "text": "ARTICLE 14\n\n Permanent Establishment Tax\n\n\n\n 1. A company which is a resident of India may be subject in\n\nthe United States to a tax in addition to the tax allowable under\n\nthe other provisions of this Convention.\n\n a) Such tax, however, may be imposed only on:\n\n i) the portion of the business profits of the\n\n company subject to tax in the United States which\n\n represents the dividend equivalent amount; and\n\n ii) the excess, if any, of interest deductible in\n\n the United States in computing the profits of the\n\n company that are subject to tax in the United States and\n\n either attributable to a permanent establishment in the\n\n United States or subject to tax in the United States\n\n under Article 6 (Income From Immovable Property (Real\n\n Property)), Article 12 (Royalties and Fees for Included\n\n Services) as fees for included services, or Article 13\n\n (Gains) of this Convention over the interest paid by or\n\n from the permanent establishment or trade or business in\n\n the United States.\n\n b) For purposes of this article, business profits means\n\n profits that are effectively connected (or treated as\n\n effectively connected) with the conduct of a trade or\n\fbusiness within the United States and are either attributable\n\nto a permanent establishment in the United States or subject\n\nto tax in the United States under Article 6 (Income From\n\nImmovable Property (Real Property)), Article 12 (Royalties\n\nand Fees for Included Services) as fees for included services\n\nor Article 13 (Gains) of this Convention.\n\nc) The tax referred to in subparagraph (a) shall not be\n\nimposed at a rate exceeding:\n\n i) the rate specified in paragraph 2 (a) of Article\n\n 10 (Dividends) for the tax described in subparagraph (a)\n\n (i);and\n\n ii) the rate specified in paragraph 2 (a) or (b)\n\n (whichever is appropriate) of Article 11 (Interest) for\n\n the tax described in subparagraph (a) (ii).\n\n2. A company which is a resident of the United States may\n\nbe subject to tax in India at a rate higher than that\n\napplicable to the domestic companies. The difference in the\n\ntax rate shall not, however, exceed the existing difference\n\nof 15 percentage points.\n\n3. In the case of a banking company which is a resident of\n\nthe United States, the interest paid by the permanent\n\nestablishment of such a company in India to the head office\n\nmay be subject in India to a tax in addition to the tax\n\nimposable under the other provisions of this Convention at a\n\nrate which shall not exceed the rate specified in paragraph 2\n\n(a) of Article 11 (Interest).", "text_sha256": "9c1205428732d1e4ac6b54a1d8fc47e310b6fa842b477b51c54ae4d40679fd5c" }, { "article_id": "15", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p34-723", "end_char": 54297, "extracted_page_slot": 34, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 54287, "text_sha256": "0244c4fe360cea10462157b033480013841c64ea52a09b6a4ed5d92c840e77bb" }, { "block_id": "p34-724", "end_char": 54349, "extracted_page_slot": 34, "local_end": 62, "local_start": 33, "start_char": 54320, "text_sha256": "b4d99e2295ad7ed4cce9af4e15cfbd8e511aba859e11760f537fb652b587e68b" }, { "block_id": "p34-725", "end_char": 54417, 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}, { "block_id": "p34-739", "end_char": 55264, "extracted_page_slot": 34, "local_end": 977, "local_start": 930, "start_char": 55217, "text_sha256": "ac7daef9a0a529418c4e6dc813e639fda90a8115b090229c777d6954366448e1" }, { "block_id": "p34-740", "end_char": 55328, "extracted_page_slot": 34, "local_end": 1041, "local_start": 983, "start_char": 55270, "text_sha256": "88eab83f1a03221f0a27b5b9505f19e60b4073af90ccf2e1317426487374266b" }, { "block_id": "p34-741", "end_char": 55385, "extracted_page_slot": 34, "local_end": 1098, "local_start": 1043, "start_char": 55330, "text_sha256": "e674a78397a4323f0b650ce47c0580a990b407f0ea12fbf9ac89b3ab3716790d" }, { "block_id": "p34-742", "end_char": 55450, "extracted_page_slot": 34, "local_end": 1163, "local_start": 1100, "start_char": 55387, "text_sha256": "df4a32ed67b886134852a372ec6473385a260705eadb17bccae6ebb4e3a89d5f" }, { "block_id": "p34-743", "end_char": 55506, "extracted_page_slot": 34, "local_end": 1219, "local_start": 1165, "start_char": 55452, "text_sha256": "c2976d26b3cf5d72ef148608d438ad4b8c5aa7123d3c2c94d0f72e92c1860e0d" } ], "end_char": 55520, "heading": "ARTICLE 15", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/15/index.html", "start_char": 54287, "text": "ARTICLE 15\n\n Independent Personal Services\n\n\n\n 1. Income derived by a person who is an individual or firm\n\nof individuals (other than a company) who is a resident of a\n\nContracting state from the performance in the other Contracting\n\nstate of professional services or other independent activities of\n\na similar character shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned\n\nstate except in the following circumstances when such income may\n\nalso be taxed in the other Contracting state:\n\n a) if such person has a fixed base regularly available\n\n to him in the other Contracting state for the purpose of\n\n performing his activities; in that case, only so much of the\n\n income as is attributable to that fixed base may be taxed in\n\n that other state; or\n\n b) if the person's stay in the other Contracting state\n\n is for a period or periods amounting to or exceeding in the\n\n aggregate 90 days in the relevant taxable year.\n\n 2. The term \"professional services\" includes independent\n\nscientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching\n\nactivities as well as the independent activities of physicians,\n\nsurgeons, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and\n\naccountants.", "text_sha256": "07db15fcebd304f316578c15847f0c2353ec7a7b5a5d33ec698812128dd9d0bb" }, { "article_id": "16", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p35-744", "end_char": 55565, "extracted_page_slot": 35, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 55555, "text_sha256": "0b97993a5b5265168b8c2e273b73ac6b2d22a7ef93ff99dc9b42d16301e98e59" }, { "block_id": "p35-745", "end_char": 55650, "extracted_page_slot": 35, "local_end": 95, "local_start": 68, "start_char": 55623, "text_sha256": "c32db35fd81f2b49c7c24dc3767e21459c4d4997abef0aee0e909e35d93dd1a7" }, { "block_id": "p35-746", "end_char": 55719, "extracted_page_slot": 35, "local_end": 164, "local_start": 103, "start_char": 55658, "text_sha256": 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"extracted_page_slot": 35, "local_end": 1361, "local_start": 1307, "start_char": 56862, "text_sha256": "7967e05ad53b203b5f1ff4b3aeafb9af06ec96359f19bfde2e77c82b9f02b904" }, { "block_id": "p35-766", "end_char": 56979, "extracted_page_slot": 35, "local_end": 1424, "local_start": 1375, "start_char": 56930, "text_sha256": "96aee5e000d3b752a49127e81992e9e0094f8da639f74d9ebe4dd9e26b5cdd4b" }, { "block_id": "p35-767", "end_char": 57042, "extracted_page_slot": 35, "local_end": 1487, "local_start": 1429, "start_char": 56984, "text_sha256": "bdfdfd0da0bf7116d33a357b3de1f504f012753159311e2f67785c68a5ed76ce" }, { "block_id": "p36-768", "end_char": 57151, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 1596, "local_start": 1534, "start_char": 57089, "text_sha256": "a4d6721c309b1c1a32e1caa07a9b30ed904ee883297f19e88aee7a37f1010d7f" }, { "block_id": "p36-769", "end_char": 57218, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 1663, "local_start": 1598, "start_char": 57153, "text_sha256": "0ecead3acccd0089fdb6f533a2da190fef4c3800f4537882ab6710395e7ff307" }, { "block_id": "p36-770", "end_char": 57340, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 1785, "local_start": 1665, "start_char": 57220, "text_sha256": "a924d15a5131347d3d3aa276f446485eedb941f2106079dd0c6ec21859db5f2b" } ], "end_char": 57340, "heading": "ARTICLE 16", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/16/index.html", "start_char": 55555, "text": "ARTICLE 16\n\n Dependent Personal Services\n\n\n\n 1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 17 (Directors'\n\nFees), 18 (Income Earned by Entertainers and Athletes), 19\n\n(Remuneration and Pensions in Respect of Government Service), 20\n\n(Private Pensions, Annuities, Alimony, and Child Support), 21\n\n(Payments Received by Students and Apprentices) and 22 (Payments\n\nReceived by Professors, Teachers and Research Scholars),\n\nsalaries, wages, and other similar remuneration derived by a\nresident of a Contracting state in respect of an employment shall\n\nbe taxable only in that state unless the employment is exercised\n\nin the other Contracting state. If the employment is so\n\nexercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed\n\nin that other state.\n\n 2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1,\n\nremuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting state in\n\nrespect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting state\n\nshall be taxable only in the first-mentioned state if:\n\n a) the recipient is present in the other state for a\n\n period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in\n\n the relevant taxable year;\n\n b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an\n\n employer who is not a resident of the other state; and\n\n c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent\n\n establishment or a fixed base or a trade or business which\n\n the employer has in the other state.\n\f 3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article,\n\nremuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard\n\na ship or aircraft operated in international traffic by an\nenterprise of a Contracting state may be taxed in that state.", "text_sha256": "aba820e9df2a4650e9e9c1c3e1de94bb5e3dc11a010bf12285aaee3fcdaa03d8" }, { "article_id": "17", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p36-771", "end_char": 57383, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 57373, "text_sha256": "10a51117a787eb0f6f35d4aa32a1cc6bc0236131f077b71d346cbe953bb24122" }, { "block_id": "p36-772", "end_char": 57426, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 53, "local_start": 38, "start_char": 57411, "text_sha256": "1ac70526a8d61b19b22bd6a229fd8c4a7844304bbeee152d7aecdede44fd2c9a" }, { "block_id": "p36-773", "end_char": 57496, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 123, "local_start": 60, "start_char": 57433, "text_sha256": "c07e57efb3c9fee401fc7cc8c142b08bc7c1a87bb33a0445f71c0b6666bd6897" }, { "block_id": "p36-774", "end_char": 57561, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 188, "local_start": 125, "start_char": 57498, "text_sha256": "c60a8a00752abc0bf296053a09fbc7007b132fc25afb76c5725505c88b404280" }, { "block_id": "p36-775", "end_char": 57618, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 245, "local_start": 190, "start_char": 57563, "text_sha256": "844bee79cf6685e182e3338692afe699ca88a7cd0c28818ddceb4f223360aa1e" }, { "block_id": "p36-776", "end_char": 57671, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 298, "local_start": 247, "start_char": 57620, "text_sha256": "649c100f1fad8f0efeb3ce41f1edcb8bffa6af77a261e44041bffbc05c715576" } ], "end_char": 57671, "heading": "ARTICLE 17", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/17/index.html", "start_char": 57373, "text": "ARTICLE 17\n\n Directors' Fees\n\n\n\n Directors' fees and similar payments derived by a resident of\n\na Contracting state in his capacity as a member of the board of\n\ndirectors of a company which is a resident of the other\n\nContracting state may be taxed in that other state.", "text_sha256": "9a9bc8c4c3d1d02e324307333f3811bdd5be0548fadbde2e357a91cc7f832aa4" }, { "article_id": "18", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p36-777", "end_char": 57713, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 57703, "text_sha256": "ca5430f1991ef144c2aba44b4ef8dd2df08b052aacbeea25030518f05cc3f7e0" }, { "block_id": "p36-778", "end_char": 57770, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 67, "local_start": 25, "start_char": 57728, "text_sha256": "dc95bdbc3b67ed986916ba5113cffd7866c1690f7243fbbe9b0dce1f168f0594" }, { "block_id": "p36-779", "end_char": 57828, "extracted_page_slot": 36, "local_end": 125, "local_start": 75, "start_char": 57778, "text_sha256": "4a3c6eb73bcc22725b8cc0903d2471c8321805b31f564f888ec0725cc6e4c083" }, { "block_id": "p36-780", "end_char": 57891, "extracted_page_slot": 36, 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"aaca163680b837f1c2b9bc94b4477a7343f5da2b677eda091e159ac1953c9aeb" }, { "block_id": "p37-808", "end_char": 59733, "extracted_page_slot": 37, "local_end": 2030, "local_start": 1968, "start_char": 59671, "text_sha256": "ba34616482bbdbbe180e9e673e4cf9138cbae85763b659c1cbc59ee5a6651abb" }, { "block_id": "p37-809", "end_char": 59792, "extracted_page_slot": 37, "local_end": 2089, "local_start": 2032, "start_char": 59735, "text_sha256": "b858eb57dc806c5bbbd8f1a6f8e574b561909b3494d1698e2ea180fa563ce2c5" }, { "block_id": "p37-810", "end_char": 59812, "extracted_page_slot": 37, "local_end": 2109, "local_start": 2091, "start_char": 59794, "text_sha256": "329a82e573a485bb2738a5a3da72c43ed070d67f59f94c86b013d6df1bbf8229" }, { "block_id": "p37-811", "end_char": 59879, "extracted_page_slot": 37, "local_end": 2176, "local_start": 2115, "start_char": 59818, "text_sha256": "338158ac667ddce1d65b0ba05acae6c622a535ecc3b1642c9eb4833aca357ad5" }, { "block_id": "p37-812", "end_char": 59944, "extracted_page_slot": 37, "local_end": 2241, "local_start": 2178, "start_char": 59881, "text_sha256": "9129189a5d5cbaa21c5573a79d66f281a9cdd59d56d831566bb07f48ab42749e" } ], "end_char": 60003, "heading": "ARTICLE 18", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/18/index.html", "start_char": 57703, "text": "ARTICLE 18\n\n Income Earned by Entertainers and Athletes\n\n\n\n 1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 15\n\n(Independent Personal Services) and 16 (Dependent Personal\n\nServices), income derived by a resident of a Contracting state as\n\nan entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or\n\ntelevision artiste, or a musician, or as an athlete, from his\n\npersonal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting\n\nState, may be taxed in that other state, except where the amount\n\nof the net income derived by such entertainer or athlete from\n\nsuch activities (after deduction of all expense incurred by him\n\nin connection with his visit and performance) does not exceed\n\fone thousand five hundred United States dollars ($1,500) or its\n\nequivalent in Indian rupees for the taxable year concerned.\n\n 2. Where income in respect of activities exercised by an\n\nentertainer or an athlete in his capacity as such accrues not to\n\nthe entertainer or athlete but to another person, that income of\n\nthat other person may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles\n\n7 (Business Profits), 15 (Independent Personal Services) and 16\n\n(Dependent Personal Services), be taxed in the Contracting state\n\nin which the activities of the entertainer or athlete are\n\nexercised unless the entertainer, athlete, or other person\n\nestablishes that neither the entertainer or athlete nor persons\n\nrelated thereto participate directly or indirectly in the profits\n\nof that other person in any manner, including the receipt of\n\ndeferred remuneration, bonuses, fees, dividends, partnership\n\ndistributions, or other distributions.\n\n 3. Income referred to in the preceding paragraphs of this\n\nArticle derived by a resident of a Contracting state in respect\n\nof activities exercised in the other Contracting state shall not\n\nbe taxed in that other state if the visit of the entertainers or\n\nathletes to that other state is supported wholly or substantially\n\nfrom the public funds of the Government of the first-mentioned\n\nContracting state, or of a political subdivision or local\n\nauthority thereof.\n\n 4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may,\n\nby mutual agreement, increase the dollar amounts referred to in\n\nparagraph 1 to reflect economic or monetary developments.", "text_sha256": "bc67255e1710c9f1aeeaef3ebd2987bd8485afde40808425abab1a9741e535c1" }, { "article_id": "19", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p38-813", "end_char": 60110, "extracted_page_slot": 38, "local_end": 73, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 60037, "text_sha256": "777cd59dfece9b23c53af35765e9889a07bb6e03d51497c14a3caf9456e0ee6b" }, { "block_id": "p38-814", "end_char": 60174, "extracted_page_slot": 38, "local_end": 137, "local_start": 81, "start_char": 60118, "text_sha256": "2e32560d1a741eea5fde4daf319bde335b5f6d5e3f8c547249714a433c36d285" }, { "block_id": "p38-815", "end_char": 60235, "extracted_page_slot": 38, "local_end": 198, "local_start": 142, "start_char": 60179, "text_sha256": "b36a6a71787af68ea5abc312b2c5abf8bb52dc8ad3dc46c481ad9e93f5f9dee5" }, { "block_id": "p38-816", "end_char": 60298, 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61236, "text_sha256": "15e2b873928025e41dd92f72463a731efa5485662a8a26d818185f6819cc886b" }, { "block_id": "p38-835", "end_char": 61351, "extracted_page_slot": 38, "local_end": 1314, "local_start": 1256, "start_char": 61293, "text_sha256": "55a952ca34d38b7128258a20e649f05b7858b9140e88f3ac7613cd4ba064468f" }, { "block_id": "p39-836", "end_char": 61476, "extracted_page_slot": 39, "local_end": 1439, "local_start": 1381, "start_char": 61418, "text_sha256": "12ff0400f915bc6f0574a9bafb217129685cc2a18c5390a8fb901ccdd6f0d82a" }, { "block_id": "p39-837", "end_char": 61539, "extracted_page_slot": 39, "local_end": 1502, "local_start": 1441, "start_char": 61478, "text_sha256": "dcb1887845f36eeeb54921758903a48a22b4ea9c058ce7d0bff17a72de916959" }, { "block_id": "p39-838", "end_char": 61598, "extracted_page_slot": 39, "local_end": 1561, "local_start": 1504, "start_char": 61541, "text_sha256": "b6339ee75ff4371317f13284fb8a6c3ab678ef1cfa46e196c729166bb9af1468" }, { "block_id": "p39-839", "end_char": 61641, "extracted_page_slot": 39, "local_end": 1604, "local_start": 1563, "start_char": 61600, "text_sha256": "34c1f03e7e9b681e063e7c03cbcee50afb92456412b45f4f2802de47b32e2304" } ], "end_char": 61641, "heading": "ARTICLE 19", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/19/index.html", "start_char": 60037, "text": "ARTICLE 19\n Remuneration and Pensions in Respect of Government Service\n\n\n\n 1. a) Remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a\n\n Contracting state or a political sub-division or a local\n\n authority thereof to an individual in respect of services\n\n rendered to that state or sub-division or authority shall be\n\n taxable only in that state.\n\n b) However, such remuneration shall be taxable only in\n\n the other Contracting state if the services are rendered in\n\n that other state and the individual is a resident of that\n\n State who:\n\n i) is a national of that state; or\n\n ii) did not become a resident of that state solely for\n\n the purpose of rendering the services.\n\n 2. a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds created by, a\n\n Contracting state or a political subdivision or a local\n\n authority thereof to an individual in respect of services\n\n rendered to that state or subdivision or authority shall be\n\n taxable only in that state.\n\n b) However, such pension shall be taxable only in the\n\n other Contracting state if the individual is a resident of,\n\n and a national of, that state.\n\n 3. The provisions of Articles 16 (Dependent Personal\n\nServices), 17 (Directors' Fees), 18 (Income Earned by\n\nEntertainers and Athletes) and 20 (Private Pensions, Annuities,\n\fAlimony and Child Support) shall apply to remuneration and\n\npensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a\n\nbusiness carried on by a Contracting state or a political\n\nsubdivision or a local authority thereof.", "text_sha256": "b2bec0f1eddecef6cf5363dc1475d9084948cc4dbebe07b07121beffa39c60d2" }, { "article_id": "20", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p39-840", "end_char": 61699, "extracted_page_slot": 39, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 61689, "text_sha256": "4dbc5d99a78a452cb5685b200374f486542552367b09d16f4553119923691d89" }, { "block_id": "p39-841", "end_char": 61778, "extracted_page_slot": 39, "local_end": 89, "local_start": 35, "start_char": 61724, "text_sha256": "5786b68d04edd592982c270f1f2c06bf99be85b535b6e443e4e3f4cb791e64db" }, { "block_id": "p39-842", "end_char": 61862, 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63371, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 1682, "local_start": 1624, "start_char": 63313, "text_sha256": "9f0de97dc0c85fb0c22dbc70d1d39f97cd43e2e55dd966bfe075f0985041dfcf" }, { "block_id": "p40-866", "end_char": 63382, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 1693, "local_start": 1684, "start_char": 63373, "text_sha256": "5535ecdab4af966bdfa029c1c050a2e80b1dd634596cbe930d0890754bb7b243" }, { "block_id": "p40-867", "end_char": 63448, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 1759, "local_start": 1699, "start_char": 63388, "text_sha256": "5dfbcd172f63c6ba324be39c00b325892cb397add171c014c2c1466241e5032f" }, { "block_id": "p40-868", "end_char": 63507, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 1818, "local_start": 1761, "start_char": 63450, "text_sha256": "025c4deb95f4acbb54f8c2acb1324845cf3bb306bfb2006910f7cb00e28165e0" }, { "block_id": "p40-869", "end_char": 63571, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 1882, "local_start": 1820, "start_char": 63509, "text_sha256": "effb82a6985a159fba26eb67bd58b1b22ef9f798d5496495d907edcba045dbb1" }, { "block_id": "p40-870", "end_char": 63631, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 1942, "local_start": 1884, "start_char": 63573, "text_sha256": "3566af0398bf1bd2152c113fc6022744eb489861b842828cb43edcc25448bf07" }, { "block_id": "p40-871", "end_char": 63696, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 2007, "local_start": 1944, "start_char": 63633, "text_sha256": "de9d43c4cf8049b1ba6f1d80ba92855899aac52126416913e88d03f3ac2118f4" }, { "block_id": "p40-872", "end_char": 63704, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 2015, "local_start": 2009, "start_char": 63698, "text_sha256": "d50c1ce3803b2a58ef6afde44dfc322447e0c4dbf6ecd1de6998595285ad9309" } ], "end_char": 63704, "heading": "ARTICLE 20", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/20/index.html", "start_char": 61689, "text": "ARTICLE 20\n\n Private Pensions, Annuities, Alimony and Child Support\n\n\n\n 1. Any pension, other than a pension referred to in Article\n\n19ARenumeration and Pensions in Respect of Government Service)\n\nor any annuity derived by a resident of a Contracting state from\n\nsources within the other Contracting state may be taxed only in\n\nthe first-mentioned Contracting state.\n\n 2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, and subject to the\n\nprovisions of Article 19 (Remuneration and Pensions in Respect of\n\nGovernment Service), social security benefits and other public\n\npensions paid by a Contracting state to a resident of the other\n\nContracting state or a citizen of the United States shall be\n\ntaxable only in the first-mentioned state.\n\n 3. The term \"pension\" means a periodic payment made in\n\nconsideration of past services or by way of compensation for\n\ninjuries received in the course of performance of services.\n\n 4. The term \"annuity\" means stated sums payable periodically\n\nat stated times during life or during a specified or\n\nascertainable number of years, under an obligation to make the\n\npayments in return for adequate and full consideration in money\n\nor money’s worth (but not for services rendered).\n\f 5. Alimony paid to a resident of a Contracting state shall\n\nbe taxable only in that state. The term \"alimony” as used in\n\nthis paragraph means periodic payments made pursuant to a written\n\nseparation agreement or a decree of divorce, separate\n\nmaintenance, or compulsory support, which payments are taxable to\n\nthe recipient under the laws of the state of which he is a\n\nresident.\n\n 6. Periodic payments for the support of a minor child made\n\npursuant to a written separation agreement or a decree of\n\ndivorce, separate maintenance or compulsory support, paid by a\n\nresident of a Contracting state to a resident of the other\n\nContracting state, shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned\n\nState.", "text_sha256": "d4453efeae16ad0472670a230b6a5334873feadfea5edccfc347c9656b1b7376" }, { "article_id": "21", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p40-873", "end_char": 63748, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 63738, "text_sha256": "17f8defea3e4145f8422d0c985017a9c304f0010727ccb8f4e3472140833c7c4" }, { "block_id": "p40-874", "end_char": 63807, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 69, "local_start": 24, "start_char": 63762, "text_sha256": "1ea02f04decbcb6b5f65804658b9e90cda1d7734dcac54b56f7d7561811c1ecf" }, { "block_id": "p40-875", "end_char": 63877, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 139, "local_start": 77, "start_char": 63815, "text_sha256": "b91f271d7cdb0c1cf444a79f0841b91a0a91f545aed9a23294029e45fb25222b" }, { "block_id": "p40-876", "end_char": 63943, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 205, "local_start": 141, "start_char": 63879, "text_sha256": "06827a95d6e9a0c317ecbf8173d6b314da910ae32452a1904de54af46492d7d7" }, { "block_id": "p40-877", "end_char": 64007, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 269, "local_start": 207, "start_char": 63945, "text_sha256": "3ff9d7cd5d4a53e02f149a0d91f0bcfccb2303de7231f863a93254a5a19587e2" }, { "block_id": "p40-878", "end_char": 64074, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 336, "local_start": 271, "start_char": 64009, "text_sha256": "43ac0f9484efaf98678c10cff56ddaea2f28610f5794cef7ecf7e8089f2b1a24" }, { "block_id": "p40-879", "end_char": 64136, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 398, "local_start": 338, "start_char": 64076, "text_sha256": "5485fb8fb091523011e4254a0d7ce03186405f9b2fdfc199a0a7d400cdf32012" }, { "block_id": "p40-880", "end_char": 64199, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 461, "local_start": 400, "start_char": 64138, "text_sha256": "eeacb72ac619d4f446637d33d194eb1705ef0d5f2b1a26d7f83736e98b2b4efa" }, { "block_id": "p40-881", "end_char": 64223, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 485, "local_start": 463, "start_char": 64201, "text_sha256": "7c4bf61c427ca7b8d0945e0bc6e1768b855cd4b4378cc8f55fe94f0f8af9e9b5" }, { "block_id": "p40-882", "end_char": 64290, "extracted_page_slot": 40, "local_end": 552, "local_start": 491, "start_char": 64229, "text_sha256": "628c4b2b6a48178edd82ec44737b7517a28964f690bed5d231597a82bb7b904b" }, { "block_id": "p41-883", "end_char": 64412, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 674, "local_start": 616, "start_char": 64354, "text_sha256": "ac3e2f439748bc3515dd81a34b3739ba8c2279ed1670db2c121bce229654d485" }, { "block_id": "p41-884", "end_char": 64468, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 730, "local_start": 676, "start_char": 64414, "text_sha256": "cde06f98fe1d65d739a7e881718f284cd427363bbfebf5b8cb44bd158588f219" }, { "block_id": "p41-885", "end_char": 64533, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 795, "local_start": 732, "start_char": 64470, "text_sha256": "dbe2b825502521f22f50859435595a57653b7aafd1af60b4e77c30693f8107dd" }, { "block_id": "p41-886", "end_char": 64582, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 844, "local_start": 797, "start_char": 64535, "text_sha256": "62afc4ac57f9aaa0d7652a34fe8c52d08a668180336b56ed9c24fee53f9f7ebb" }, { "block_id": "p41-887", "end_char": 64648, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 910, "local_start": 850, "start_char": 64588, "text_sha256": "d78de359eeef46f58d70924e9500b47982994d67781a7a10d8f7d9b80066fe6a" }, { "block_id": "p41-888", "end_char": 64712, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 974, "local_start": 912, "start_char": 64650, "text_sha256": "599fab735fad40b989f59547ca3780c7b784373bca6a29350350eb7a9c422604" }, { "block_id": "p41-889", "end_char": 64760, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 1022, "local_start": 976, "start_char": 64714, "text_sha256": "b812a401d39e0d345d7ccd6220d19fd7c5e985bf14b344dcd3e25edda98acb93" }, { "block_id": "p41-890", "end_char": 64827, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 1089, "local_start": 1028, "start_char": 64766, "text_sha256": "02af61541bc7b68f6c302d93b48ba0171465a031e4c70eb46dca2b09ac329daa" }, { "block_id": "p41-891", "end_char": 64893, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 1155, "local_start": 1091, "start_char": 64829, "text_sha256": "9d2e59655ec5dea51497d8b3bcf33a4f30eba75d681d4def85f9ab191ce14d5f" }, { "block_id": "p41-892", "end_char": 64959, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 1221, "local_start": 1157, "start_char": 64895, "text_sha256": "800d8b4431c2251506244925736361c56252edc16a7655f2cb3a98fc5887cd69" }, { "block_id": "p41-893", "end_char": 65020, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 1282, "local_start": 1223, "start_char": 64961, "text_sha256": "13e5d58c58e9b7d91d065b1c98246ba96b56d0aab8f843732840f0a1b81fdf35" }, { "block_id": "p41-894", "end_char": 65035, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 1297, "local_start": 1284, "start_char": 65022, "text_sha256": "ae2d4b77df81205371cdf99dd6a7f756c8efef8e9845b863ad7866820337d8f1" } ], "end_char": 65035, "heading": "ARTICLE 21", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/21/index.html", "start_char": 63738, "text": "ARTICLE 21\n\n Payments Received by Students and Apprentices\n\n\n\n 1. A student or business apprentice who is or was a resident\n\nof one of the Contracting States immediately before visiting the\n\nother Contracting state and who is present in that other state\n\nprincipally for the purpose of his education or training shall be\n\nexempt from tax in that other state, on payments which arise\n\noutside that other state for the purposes of his maintenance,\n\neducation or training.\n\n 2. In respect of grants, scholarships and remuneration from\n\nemployment not covered by paragraph 1, a student or business\n\fapprentice described in paragraph 1 shall, in addition, be\n\nentitled during such education or training to the same\n\nexemptions, reliefs or reductions in respect of taxes available\n\nto residents of the state which he is visiting,\n\n 3. The benefits of this Article shall extend only for such\n\nperiod of time as may be reasonable or customarily required to\n\ncomplete the education or training undertaken.\n\n 4. For the purposes of this Article, an individual shall be\n\ndeemed to be a resident of a Contracting state if he is resident\n\nin that Contracting state in the taxable year in which he visits\n\nthe other Contracting state or in the immediately preceding\n\ntaxable year.", "text_sha256": "30f23502d5dc0feba4be43e31109868322c24b843a6d5752aa34d3bd773a3148" }, { "article_id": "22", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p41-895", "end_char": 65078, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 65068, "text_sha256": "4aa76d96f3a1a6e65f4efb4ebb100431533b8301ff03f58a7e0540731d926901" }, { "block_id": "p41-896", "end_char": 65134, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 66, "local_start": 25, "start_char": 65093, "text_sha256": "eca08121b4c7c41f79ab5921f8432972795ce42bc346ebbe86096c28626878fc" }, { "block_id": "p41-897", "end_char": 65180, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 112, "local_start": 91, "start_char": 65159, "text_sha256": "dbca13e70e98ef7f8628c1a7c7c036f18ca273e9704931c6a66cb0e6fdfd0a3d" }, { "block_id": "p41-898", "end_char": 65250, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 182, "local_start": 120, "start_char": 65188, "text_sha256": "23a23d5d6af92f7b4d88ed83164f3201112a8dcb19fa62b6dabcceb561f6328d" }, { "block_id": "p41-899", "end_char": 65315, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 247, "local_start": 184, "start_char": 65252, "text_sha256": "7490c0f8b17844ed76c388489cc947545e41c1f8d545a81d3d402b7062354f26" }, { "block_id": "p41-900", "end_char": 65373, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 305, "local_start": 249, "start_char": 65317, "text_sha256": "55b89ea99f0c366009eef074c27c458b913288b38a32f8e8ede7ddbdfec14bac" }, { "block_id": "p41-901", "end_char": 65437, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 369, "local_start": 307, "start_char": 65375, "text_sha256": "cad2f60cf8094b2462ac867e84b1efb46c78c9578ccee329b2c5ad932a0e2cbe" }, { "block_id": "p41-902", "end_char": 65499, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 431, "local_start": 371, "start_char": 65439, "text_sha256": "c7bf274b9ef2bdb0f59a3fe7bcfdc3fc8b179116b0d1d3a0fd21332a0477911f" }, { "block_id": "p41-903", "end_char": 65562, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 494, "local_start": 433, "start_char": 65501, "text_sha256": "4040a6f64be7eb69278de140d6fd3f4d8f4a83625dcbf8193492fcad291866ce" }, { "block_id": "p41-904", "end_char": 65625, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 557, "local_start": 496, "start_char": 65564, "text_sha256": "282db15fdaa4bfa423da5a2e556e3cb461c56e8b4e0ec0264aeb41c6cbbfae43" }, { "block_id": "p41-905", "end_char": 65692, "extracted_page_slot": 41, "local_end": 624, "local_start": 559, "start_char": 65627, "text_sha256": "550cdf3a9b2f390a77f76df890a81b222ca510e1e6e795c75db93e871a25f49d" }, { "block_id": "p42-906", "end_char": 65784, "extracted_page_slot": 42, "local_end": 716, "local_start": 655, "start_char": 65723, "text_sha256": "050d199bc57694af6d09e96e52777b262d282eeffe909d8e15be35201005a8fb" }, { "block_id": "p42-907", "end_char": 65845, "extracted_page_slot": 42, "local_end": 777, "local_start": 718, "start_char": 65786, "text_sha256": "990d73e8e0886e1ba5b9f8eedcfba201980c62600d5b74248f8213d592408c27" }, { "block_id": "p42-908", "end_char": 65911, "extracted_page_slot": 42, "local_end": 843, "local_start": 779, "start_char": 65847, "text_sha256": "4276d7ad54180306d0d8c243928c64941013dba62dd5eac8b31e9970d1a6cbbe" }, { "block_id": "p42-909", "end_char": 65931, "extracted_page_slot": 42, "local_end": 863, "local_start": 845, "start_char": 65913, "text_sha256": "e304e560cc10bc6ef313fde5ba051575f349494107f780f973c4ed82f510f60b" } ], "end_char": 65931, "heading": "ARTICLE 22", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/22/index.html", "start_char": 65068, "text": "ARTICLE 22\n\n Payments Received by Professors, Teachers\n\n and Research Scholars\n\n\n\n 1. An individual who visits a Contracting state for a period\n\nnot exceeding two years for the purpose of teaching or engaging\n\nin research at a university, college or other recognized\n\neducational institution in that state, and who was immediately\n\nbefore that visit a resident of the other Contracting state,\n\nshall be exempted from tax by the first-mentioned Contracting\n\nstate on any remuneration for such teaching or research for a\n\nperiod not exceeding two years from the date he first visits that\n\nstate for such purpose.\n\f 2. This Article shall apply to income from research only if\n\nsuch research is undertaken by the individual in the public\n\ninterest and not primarily for the benefit of some other private\n\nperson or persons.", "text_sha256": "d2d18cfd01558b522f7440186b37e12dc7ac666141a04292bc63df21938f6411" }, { "article_id": "23", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p42-910", "end_char": 65974, "extracted_page_slot": 42, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 65964, "text_sha256": "b7930d602697acacfceab0926dc32b420fe0f0116ea7f3c392f17fe0e4e28084" }, { "block_id": "p42-911", "end_char": 66016, "extracted_page_slot": 42, "local_end": 52, "local_start": 40, "start_char": 66004, "text_sha256": "d77ab227d0688126b4b4444f7d520d2a9cc6a1dfe3b13c0098c000f83d274e75" }, { "block_id": "p42-912", "end_char": 66086, "extracted_page_slot": 42, "local_end": 122, "local_start": 60, "start_char": 66024, "text_sha256": "f12ab417ea6d324fe437ba867a97f3c26b41630a9b579aedd2e13b860b78f91f" }, { "block_id": "p42-913", 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"pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/23/index.html", "start_char": 65964, "text": "ARTICLE 23\n\n Other Income\n\n\n\n 1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2, items of income\n\nof a resident of a Contracting state, wherever arising, which are\n\nnot expressly dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this\n\nConvention shall be taxable only in that Contracting state.\n\n 2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income,\n\nother than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph\n\n2 of Article 6 (Income from Immovable Property (Real Property)),\n\nif the beneficial owner of the income, being a resident of a\n\nContracting state, carries on business in the other Contracting\n\nstate through a permanent establishment situated therein, or\n\nperforms in that other state independent personal services from a\n\nfixed base situated therein, and the income is attributable to\n\nsuch permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the\n\nprovisions of Article 7 (Business Profits) or Article 15\n\n(Independent Personal Services), as the case may be, shall apply.\n\n 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2,\n\nitems of income of a resident of a Contracting state not dealt\n\nwith in the foregoing articles of this Convention and arising in\n\nthe other Contracting state may also be taxed in that other\n\nState", "text_sha256": "cd9d18722575bb2e0873517d1a024980521cdba66d7f645a15f4b166137be121" }, { "article_id": "24", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p43-931", "end_char": 67289, "extracted_page_slot": 43, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 67279, "text_sha256": "c29f5d6e7f47c08273520eecd138bc9c7bef71f12cf4df83772bdf4b8b559888" }, { "block_id": "p43-932", "end_char": 67337, "extracted_page_slot": 43, "local_end": 58, "local_start": 36, "start_char": 67315, "text_sha256": "a59a492165f381cc7e439fd9631131ca15da5adc6d9dd9b2caa3532595fc7607" }, { "block_id": "p43-933", "end_char": 67405, "extracted_page_slot": 43, "local_end": 126, "local_start": 66, "start_char": 67345, "text_sha256": 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"792d02c385866b21c18c101102ae1415c4a2e5b9014856e5da113ecda43e96d5" }, { "block_id": "p44-975", "end_char": 69999, "extracted_page_slot": 44, "local_end": 2720, "local_start": 2655, "start_char": 69934, "text_sha256": "2b0d78f14313804ff005e8619fa07ff0b012e691d73d8e9318d9eef94d7c4409" }, { "block_id": "p44-976", "end_char": 70066, "extracted_page_slot": 44, "local_end": 2787, "local_start": 2722, "start_char": 70001, "text_sha256": "33943f8bd74ac03544bdc73feb267d9d7c96849c5a429d67c80eb2d47ce002a9" }, { "block_id": "p44-977", "end_char": 70131, "extracted_page_slot": 44, "local_end": 2852, "local_start": 2789, "start_char": 70068, "text_sha256": "8c27b05a0baafea0755800608768d5cdbb31aa2c9a753af49a35244ae706d82b" } ], "end_char": 70173, "heading": "ARTICLE 24", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/24/index.html", "start_char": 67279, "text": "ARTICLE 24\n\n Limitation on Benefits\n\n\n\n 1. A person (other than an individual) which is a resident\n\nof a Contracting state and derives income from the other\n\nContracting state shall be entitled under this Convention to\n\nrelief from taxation in that other Contracting state only if:\n\n a) more than 50 percent of the beneficial interest in\n\n such person (or in the case of a company, more than 50\n\n percent of the number of shares of each class of the\n\n company’s shares) is owned, directly or indirectly, by one or\n\n more individual residents of one of the Contracting States,\n\n one of the Contracting States or its political subdivisions\n\n or local authorities, or other individuals subject to tax in\n\n either Contracting State on their worldwide incomes, or\n\n citizens of the United States; and\n\n b) the income of such person is not used in substantial\n\n part, directly or indirectly, to meet liabilities (including\n\n liabilities for interest or royalties) to persons who are not\n\n residents of one of the Contracting States, one of the\n\n Contracting States or its political subdivisions or local\n\n authorities, or citizens of the United States.\n\n 2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply if the\n\nincome derived from the other Contracting state is derived in\n\nconnection with, or is incidental to, the active conduct by such\n\nperson of a trade or business in the first-mentioned state (other\n\fthan the business of making or managing investments, unless these\n\nactivities are banking or insurance activities carried on by a\n\nbank or insurance company).\n\n 3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply if the\n\nperson deriving the income is a company which is a resident of a\n\nContracting state in whose principal class of shares there is\n\nsubstantial and regular trading on a recognized stock exchange.\n\nFor purposes of the preceding sentence, the term \"recognized\n\nstock exchange\" means:\n\n a) in the case of the United States, the NASDAQ System\n\n owned by the National Association of Securities Dealers,\n\n Inc. and any stock exchange registered with the Securities\n\n and Exchange Commission as a national securities exchange\n\n for purposes of the Securities Act of 1934;\n\n b) in the case of India, any stock exchange which is\n\n recognized by the Central Government under the Securities\n\n Contracts Regulation Act, 1956; and\n\n c) any other stock exchange agreed upon by the\n\n competent authorities of the Contracting States.\n\n 4. A person that is not entitled to the benefits of this\n\nConvention pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraphs\n\nof this Article may, nevertheless, be granted the benefits of the\n\nConvention if the competent authority of the state in which the\n\nincome in question arises so determines.", "text_sha256": "9d69009f74ff465e8166993f73dadfd477b3a9cfdf55b5de7d36daa03e77b5b6" }, { "article_id": "25", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p45-978", "end_char": 70216, "extracted_page_slot": 45, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 70206, "text_sha256": "11a5713740eb32a35bc946f9fe0a11034161cea2fd148ba0c8f6d87b5eb58232" }, { "block_id": "p45-979", "end_char": 70267, "extracted_page_slot": 45, "local_end": 61, "local_start": 34, "start_char": 70240, "text_sha256": "45fe73e64d00623dff983a2872c29ea40cea6451795350efe3d4d5b9d0edac18" }, { "block_id": "p45-980", "end_char": 70332, "extracted_page_slot": 45, "local_end": 126, "local_start": 69, "start_char": 70275, "text_sha256": 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"extracted_page_slot": 46, "local_end": 2875, "local_start": 2806, "start_char": 73012, "text_sha256": "5e87aa012c36a6093a75d67cab5fecbeb73271dac02fe2539f09519c0415682a" }, { "block_id": "p47-1027", "end_char": 73210, "extracted_page_slot": 47, "local_end": 3004, "local_start": 2942, "start_char": 73148, "text_sha256": "7df0a1dcb5ab20875e88d06bf8614171bbc705063b8f7d333f96edd59d046826" }, { "block_id": "p47-1028", "end_char": 73270, "extracted_page_slot": 47, "local_end": 3064, "local_start": 3006, "start_char": 73212, "text_sha256": "1bb2b5dcbef1ca408de84c2942d36997f8eeeca6a4a9651d3b11ff7b2a219858" }, { "block_id": "p47-1029", "end_char": 73334, "extracted_page_slot": 47, "local_end": 3128, "local_start": 3066, "start_char": 73272, "text_sha256": "06b444583b4945d82cdeaa5c8736846a04d4fafc5e7d0374cdffffd8f4225643" }, { "block_id": "p47-1030", "end_char": 73404, "extracted_page_slot": 47, "local_end": 3198, "local_start": 3130, "start_char": 73336, "text_sha256": "b8b1888c138ce69f4d23e91f7c89d98652907e5eb2ed7d1544a2ea0a0d2a0acf" }, { "block_id": "p47-1031", "end_char": 73415, "extracted_page_slot": 47, "local_end": 3209, "local_start": 3200, "start_char": 73406, "text_sha256": "5d627ffb204962e28bf7d8f5e13ce0a4b43c5bc469572388e3066965c66815d0" } ], "end_char": 73415, "heading": "ARTICLE 25", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/25/index.html", "start_char": 70206, "text": "ARTICLE 25\n\n Relief From Double Taxation\n\n\n\n 1. In accordance with the provisions and subject to the\n\nlimitations of the law of the United States (as it may be amended\n\nfrom time to time without changing the general principle hereof),\n\nthe United States shall allow to a resident or citizen of the\n\nUnited States as a credit against the United States tax on income\n\n a) the income tax paid to India by or on behalf of such\n\n citizen or resident; and\n\n b) in the case of a United States company owning at\n\n least 10 percent of the voting stock of a company which is a\n\n resident of India and from which the United States company\n\n receives dividends, the income tax paid to India by or on\n\n behalf of the distributing company with respect to the\n\n profits out of which the dividends are paid.\n\nFor the purposes of this paragraph, the taxes referred to in\n\nparagraphs lb) and 2 of Article 2 (Taxes Covered) shall be\n\nconsidered income taxes.\n\n 2. a) Where a resident of India derives income which, in\n\n accordance with the provisions of this Convention, may be\n\n taxed in the United States, India shall allow as a deduction\n\n from the tax on the income of that resident an amount equal\n\n to the income tax paid in the United States, whether directly\n\n or by deduction. Such deduction shall not, however, exceed\n\n that part of the income tax (as computed before the deduction\n\f is given) which is attributable to the income which may be\n\n taxed in the United States.\n\n b) Further, where such resident is a company by which a\n\n surtax is payable in India, the deduction in respect of\n\n income tax paid in the United States shall be be allowed in\n\n the first instance from income tax payable by the company in\n\n India and as to the balance, if any, from surtax payable by\n\n it in India.\n\n 3. For the purposes of allowing relief from double taxation\n\npursuant to this Article, income shall be deemed to arise as\n\nfollows:\n\n a) income derived by a resident of a Contracting state\n\n which may be taxed in the other Contracting state in\n\n accordance with this Convention (other than solely by reason\n\n of citizenship in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 1\n\n (General Scope)) shall be deemed to arise in that other\n\n State;\n\n b) income derived by a resident of a Contracting state\n\n which may not be taxed in the other Contracting state in\n\n accordance with the Convention shall be deemed to arise in\n\n the first-mentioned state.\n\nNotwithstanding the preceding sentence, the determination of the\n\nsource of income for purposes of this Article shall be subject to\n\nsuch source rules in the domestic laws of the Contracting States\n\nas apply for the purpose of limiting the foreign tax credit. The\n\npreceding sentence shall not apply with respect to income dealt\n\fwith in Article 12 (Royalties and Fees for Included Services).\n\nThe rules of this paragraph shall not apply in determining\n\ncredits against United States tax for foreign taxes other than\n\nthe taxes referred to in paragraphs lb) and 2 of Article 2 (Taxes\n\nCovered).", "text_sha256": "8af25f3fe3f822aac24c322969ac3d4a8385d1cf7fa8131cb109a9432bb9a986" }, { "article_id": "26", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p47-1032", "end_char": 73460, "extracted_page_slot": 47, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 73450, "text_sha256": "630a953f5527a2bfe7860a6671ae56a86a36ba67e155084c9917dcdf1a7f4aa6" }, { "block_id": "p47-1033", "end_char": 73506, "extracted_page_slot": 47, "local_end": 56, "local_start": 38, "start_char": 73488, "text_sha256": "9505dfcc3641daea07854ee023f0283d596c4166328c2a116f2ae587098b77eb" }, { "block_id": "p47-1034", "end_char": 73574, "extracted_page_slot": 47, "local_end": 124, "local_start": 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"66aec3ffa819bb8053516293578c79858dabec5af3c3494d7e15c3851d738ae4" } ], "end_char": 75869, "heading": "ARTICLE 26", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/26/index.html", "start_char": 73450, "text": "ARTICLE 26\n\n Non-discrimination\n\n\n\n X. Nationals of a Contracting state shall not be subjected\n\nin the other Contracting state to any taxation or any requirement\n\nconnected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the\n\ntaxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that\n\nother State in the same circumstances are or may be subjected.\n\nThis provision shall apply to persons who are not residents of\n\none or both of the Contracting States.\n\n 2. Except where the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 7\n\n(Business Profits) apply, the taxation on a permanent\n\nestablishment which an enterprise of a Contracting state has in\n\nthe other Contracting state shall not be less favorably levied in\n\nthat other state than the taxation levied on enterprises of that\n\nother State carrying on the same activities. This provision\n\nshall not be construed as obliging a Contracting state to grant\n\nto residents of the other Contracting state any personal\n\nallowances, reliefs, and reductions for taxation purposes on\n\naccount of civil status or family responsibilities which it\n\ngrants to its own residents.\n\f 3. Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 9\n\n(Associated Enterprises), paragraph 7 of Article 11 (Interest),\n\nor paragraph 8 of Article 12 (Royalties and Fees for Included\n\nServices) apply, interest, royalties, and other disbursements\n\npaid by a resident of a Contracting state to a resident of the\n\nother Contracting state shall, for the purposes of determining\n\nthe taxable profits of the first-mentioned resident, be\n\ndeductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to\n\na resident of the first-mentioned state.\n\n 4. Enterprises of a Contracting state, the capital of which\n\nis wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly,\n\nby one or more residents of the other Contracting state, shall\n\nnot be subjected in the first-mentioned state to any taxation or\n\nany requirement connected therewith which is other or more\n\nburdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which\n\nother similar enterprises of the first-mentioned state are or may\n\nbe subjected.\n\n 5. Nothing in this article shall be construed as preventing\n\neither Contracting state from imposing the taxes described in\n\nArticle 14 (Permanent Establishment Tax) or the limitations\n\ndescribed in paragraph 3 of Article 7 (Business Profits).", "text_sha256": "337a8a5beb1f79c159388374c358950ce8650f12013a3229ce948ff1a8a41b80" }, { "article_id": "27", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p49-1071", "end_char": 75912, "extracted_page_slot": 49, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 75902, "text_sha256": "0e42ce3b4cf10efbf09ef5af7de86083ca3593bd390e7a0ed6538e91db0b77d8" }, { "block_id": "p49-1072", "end_char": 75962, "extracted_page_slot": 49, "local_end": 60, "local_start": 34, "start_char": 75936, "text_sha256": "ce54dd59bbd0a79b974e441b98db0c88e900703b57e6c40842a8a9733f853b41" }, { "block_id": "p49-1073", "end_char": 76031, "extracted_page_slot": 49, "local_end": 129, "local_start": 68, "start_char": 75970, "text_sha256": 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"pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/27/index.html", "start_char": 75902, "text": "ARTICLE 27\n\n Mutual Agreement Procedure\n\n\n\n 1. Where a person considers that the actions of one or both\n\nof the Contracting States result or will result for him in\n\ntaxation not in accordance with the provisions of this\n\nConvention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the\n\ndomestic law of those States, present his case to the competent\n\nauthority of the Contracting state of which he is a resident or\n\nnational. This case must be presented within three years of the\n\ndate of receipt of notice of the action which gives rise to\n\ntaxation not in accordance with the Convention.\n\n 2. The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection\n\nappears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to\n\narrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual\n\nagreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting\n\nState, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in\n\naccordance with the Convention. Any agreement reached shall be\n\nimplemented notwithstanding any time limits or other procedural\n\nlimitations in the domestic law of the Contracting States.\n\n 3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall\n\nendeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or\n\ndoubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the\n\nConvention. They may also consult together for the elimination\n\nof double taxation in cases not provided for in the Convention.\n\n 4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may\n\ncommunicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching\n\fan agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs. The\n\ncompetent authorities, through consultations, shall develop\n\nappropriate bilateral procedures, conditions, methods and\n\ntechniques for the implementation of the mutual agreement\n\nprocedure provided for in this Article. In addition, a competent\n\nauthority may devise appropriate unilateral procedures,\n\nconditions, methods and techniques to facilitate the above­\n\nmentioned bilateral actions and the implementation of the mutual\n\nagreement procedure.", "text_sha256": "6cc1cbcbec707affe59243f981b063e7f3648a01eb201ee84db7a6ea90779c34" }, { "article_id": "28", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p50-1105", "end_char": 78062, "extracted_page_slot": 50, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 78052, "text_sha256": "d99fb0769d0db51f0408ec28997e5f6c8ff79518c306a09b3d991d9c237a4359" }, { "block_id": "p50-1106", "end_char": 78126, "extracted_page_slot": 50, "local_end": 74, "local_start": 21, "start_char": 78073, "text_sha256": "8eafedc69f05accc419fa00c6c7cc350775492bcc95529be19c2ee5f68c2a46f" }, { "block_id": "p50-1107", "end_char": 78197, "extracted_page_slot": 50, "local_end": 145, "local_start": 82, "start_char": 78134, "text_sha256": "7f17b9ffb6e209400ee190284f2ca90db502f0b0981f456cbeaf39cb17528386" 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"cd8f8996078d429564135b5d05e5f90be66754d4af6de1e8f10dbcfc52bbb28a" }, { "block_id": "p52-1167", "end_char": 81879, "extracted_page_slot": 52, "local_end": 3827, "local_start": 3818, "start_char": 81870, "text_sha256": "3d1b6e6e48858cef1a073dd59bf0e458ed89b7d5b6837cadaba02787344f7492" } ], "end_char": 81879, "heading": "ARTICLE 28", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/28/index.html", "start_char": 78052, "text": "ARTICLE 28\n\n Exchange of Information and Administrative Assistance\n\n\n\n 1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall\n\nexchange such information (including documents) as is necessary\n\nfor carrying out the provisions of this Convention or of the\n\ndomestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered\n\nby the Convention insofar as the taxation thereunder is not\n\ncontrary to the Convention, in particular, for the prevention of\n\nfraud or evasion of such taxes. The exchange of information is\n\nnot restricted by Article 1 (General Scope). Any information\n\nreceived by a Contracting state shall be treated as secret in the\n\nsame manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of\n\nthat State. However, if the information is originally regarded\n\nas secret in the transmitting state, it shall be disclosed only\n\nto persons or authorities (including courts and administrative\n\nbodies) involved in the assessment, collection, or administration\n\fof, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the\n\ndetermination of appeals in relation to, the taxes which are the\n\nsubject of the Convention. Such persons or authorities shall use\n\nthe information only for such purposes, but may disclose the\n\ninformation in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.\n\nThe competent authorities shall, through consultation, develop\n\nappropriate conditions, methods and techniques concerning the\n\nmatters in respect of which such exchange of information shall be\n\nmade, including, where appropriate, exchange of information\n\nregarding tax avoidance.\n\n 2. The exchange of information or documents shall be either\n\non a routine basis or on request with reference to particular\n\ncases, or otherwise. The competent authorities of the\n\nContracting States shall agree from time to time on the list of\n\ninformation or documents which shall be furnished on a routine\n\nbasis.\n\n 3. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 1 be\n\nconstrued so as to impose on a Contracting state the obligation:\n\n a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with\n\n the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other\n\n Contracting state;\n\n b) to supply information which is not obtainable under\n\n the laws or in the normal course of the administration of\n\n that or of the other Contracting state;\n\n c) to supply information which would disclose any trade,\n\n business, industrial, commercial, or professional secret or\n\n trade process, or information the disclosure of which would\n\n be contrary to public policy (ordre public).\n\f 4. If information is requested by a Contracting state in\n\naccordance with this Article, the other Contracting state shall\n\nobtain the information to which the request relates in the same\n\nmanner and in the same form as if the tax of the first-mentioned\n\nState were the tax of that other state and were being imposed by\n\nthat other state. If specifically requested by the competent\n\nauthority of a Contracting state, the competent authority of the\n\nother Contracting state shall provide information under this\n\nArticle in the form of depositions of witnesses and authenticated\n\ncopies of unedited original documents (including books, papers,\n\nstatements, records, accounts, and writings), to the same extent\n\nsuch depositions and documents can be obtained under the laws and\n\nadministrative practices of that other state with respect to its\n\nown taxes.\n\n 5. For the purposes of this Article, the Convention shall\n\napply, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2 (Taxes\n\nCovered):\n\n a) in the United States, to all taxes imposed under\n\n Title 26 of the United States Code; and\n\n b) in India, to the income tax, the wealth tax and the\n\n gift tax.", "text_sha256": "1373550a875c2def89b2eaf3d33f65a46afcb8ac687f5e6af81f710aeff5c6de" }, { "article_id": "29", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p52-1168", "end_char": 81924, "extracted_page_slot": 52, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 81914, "text_sha256": "0c89fbfa6c592dbb1a1afe17c0e4de1c3962760f9b5ea049f83461ac21d604c4" }, { "block_id": "p52-1169", "end_char": 81981, "extracted_page_slot": 52, "local_end": 67, "local_start": 28, "start_char": 81942, "text_sha256": "1e1e03f6efb8e21dc07af29eef56e3d46106b7ff2dd32c6aaf8274646776a3f1" }, { "block_id": "p52-1170", "end_char": 82050, "extracted_page_slot": 52, "local_end": 136, "local_start": 75, "start_char": 81989, "text_sha256": "b5651172541f31d29394d1c97daa4bc29323967d4ccbf7072da9666521a5291d" }, { "block_id": "p53-1171", "end_char": 82174, "extracted_page_slot": 53, "local_end": 260, "local_start": 205, "start_char": 82119, "text_sha256": "96acb99320935da2bbf5aac5d608efeb6029f7ad0066ab678f17e49c2aef63fe" }, { "block_id": "p53-1172", "end_char": 82187, "extracted_page_slot": 53, "local_end": 273, "local_start": 262, "start_char": 82176, "text_sha256": "63b43e7f378e9e49d05204a62ef7f8cda73fa73f0ad8064ecb8934cede970002" } ], "end_char": 82187, "heading": "ARTICLE 29", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/29/index.html", "start_char": 81914, "text": "ARTICLE 29\n\n Diplomatic Agents and Consular officers\n\n\n\n Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges\n\nof diplomatic agents or consular officers under the general rules\n\fof international law or under the provisions of special\n\nagreements.", "text_sha256": 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"01dd0a9e06850f73160a25907149b581cbf39c16e697d219c9a1fc1f6775d408" }, { "block_id": "p53-1191", "end_char": 83188, "extracted_page_slot": 53, "local_end": 964, "local_start": 912, "start_char": 83136, "text_sha256": "1f32b05aca2ed6f5c9a34adb629aac7e2e19d18f49025e74ba8679c674894faa" }, { "block_id": "p53-1192", "end_char": 83251, "extracted_page_slot": 53, "local_end": 1027, "local_start": 970, "start_char": 83194, "text_sha256": "a140fefefe0bf841d6b87fb586882a6193406e25d0ab452785d9985dc4517aff" }, { "block_id": "p53-1193", "end_char": 83313, "extracted_page_slot": 53, "local_end": 1089, "local_start": 1033, "start_char": 83257, "text_sha256": "f5f61a27cd5de244b1eff5beb6c5cb73d3089daab01404bb006874a4008001da" } ], "end_char": 83337, "heading": "ARTICLE 30", "route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/30/index.html", "start_char": 82224, "text": "ARTICLE 30\n\n Entry Into Force\n\n\n\n 1. Each Contracting state shall notify the other Contracting\n\nState in writing, through diplomatic channels, upon the\n\ncompletion of their respective legal procedures to bring this\n\nConvention into force.\n\n 2. The Convention shall enter into force on the date of the\n\nlatter of such notifications and its provisions shall have\n\neffect:\n\n a) in the United States\n\n i) in respect of taxes withheld at source, for\n\n amounts paid or credited on or after the first day of\n\n January next following the date on which the Convention\n\n enters into force;\n\n ii) in respect of other taxes, for taxable periods\n\n beginning on or after the first day of January next\n\n following the date on which the Convention enters into\n\n force; and\n\n b) in India, in respect of income arising in any\n\n taxable year beginning on or after the first day of April\n\n next following the calendar year in which the Convention\n\n enters into force.", "text_sha256": "dfe44296ba906163493bb1eb11ad8d4e9d69153133af64c03952154278fc1954" }, { "article_id": "31", "blocks": [ { "block_id": "p54-1194", "end_char": 83380, "extracted_page_slot": 54, "local_end": 10, "local_start": 0, "start_char": 83370, "text_sha256": 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"route": "pairs/in-us/convention/1989-income-tax-convention/en/articles/31/index.html", "start_char": 83370, "text": "ARTICLE 31\n\n Termination\n\n This Convention shall remain in force indefinitely but either\n\nof the Contracting States may, on or before the thirtieth day of\n\nJune in any calendar year beginning after the expiration of a\n\nperiod of five years from the date of the entry into force of the\n\nConvention, give the other Contracting state through diplomatic\n\nchannels, written notice of termination and, in such event, this\n\nConvention shall cease to have effect:\n\n a) in the United States\n\n i) in respect of taxes withheld at source, for\n\n amounts paid or credited on or after the first day of\n\n January next following the calendar year in which notice\n\n of termination is given; and\n\n ii) in respect of other taxes, for taxable periods\n\n beginning on or after the first day of January next\n\n following the calendar year in which the notice of\n\n termination is given;\n\n and\n\n b) in India, in respect of income arising in any\n\n taxable year beginning on or after the first day of April\n\n next following the calendar year in which the notice of\n\n termination is given.\n\f IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized by\n\ntheir respective Governments, have signed this Convention.\n\n\n\n DONE at New Delhi in duplicate, this 12th day of September,\n\n1989, in the English and Hindi languages, both texts being\n\nequally authentic. In case of divergence between the two texts,\n\nthe English text shall be the operative one.\n\n\n\nFOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE\n\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA: REPUBLIC OF INDIA:\n\n\n ^z,\n\n\n\n\n J ohn R.\n John R. Hubbard\n Hubbard N.K. Sengupta\n\n Ambassador\n Ambass ador Secretary to the\n\n Government of India\n\f PROTOCOL\n\n\n\nAt the signing today of the Convention between the United States\n\nof America and the Republic of India for the Avoidance of Double\n\nTaxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to\n\nTaxes on Income, the undersigned have agreed upon the following\n\nprovisions, which shall form an integral part of the Convention:\n\n\n\nI. Ađ Article 5\n\n\n\n It is understood that where an enterprise of a Contracting\n\nState has a permanent establishment in the other Contracting\n\nState in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 2 (j), 2 (k)\n\nor 2(1) of Article 5 (Permanent Establishment), and the time\n\nperiod referred to in that paragraph extends over two taxable\n\nyears, a permanent establishment shall not be deemed to exist in\n\na year, if any, in which the use, site, project or activity, as\n\nthe case may be, continues for a period or periods aggregating\n\nless than 30 days in that taxable year. A permanent\n\nestablishment will exist in the other taxable year, and the\n\nenterprise will be subject to tax in that other Contracting state\n\nin accordance with the provisions of Article 7 (Business\n\nProfits), but only on income arising during that other taxableyear.\n\fII. Ad Article 7\n\n\n\n Where the law of the Contracting state in which a permanent\n\nestablishment is situated imposes, in accordance with the\n\nprovisions of paragraph 3 of Article 7 (Business Profits), a\n\nrestriction on the amount of executive and general administrative\n\nexpenses which may be allowed as a deduction in determining the\n\nprofits of such permanent establishment, it is understood that in\n\nmaking such a determination of profits the deduction in respect\n\nof such executive and general administrative expenses in no case\n\nshall be less than that allowable under the Indian Income-tax Act\n\nas on the date of signature of this Convention.\n\n\n\nIII. Ad Articles 7, 10, 11, 12, 15, and 23\n\n\n\n It is understood that for the implementation of paragraphs 1\n\nand 2 of Article 7 (Business Profits), paragraph 4 of Article 10\n\n(Dividends), paragraph 5 of Article 11 (Interest), paragraph 6 of\n\nArticle 12 (Royalties and Fees for Included Services), paragraph\n\n1 of Article 15 (Independent Personal Services), and paragraph 2\n\nof Article 23 (Other Income), any income attributable to a\n\npermanent establishment or fixed base during its existence is\n\ntaxable in the Contracting state in which such permanent\n\nestablishment or fixed base is situated even if the payments are\n\ndeferred until such permanent establishment or fixed base has\n\nceased to exist.\n\fIV. Ad Article 12\n\n\n\n It is understood that fees for included services, as defined\n\nin paragraph 4 of Article 12 (Royalties and Fees for Included\n\nServices) will, in accordance with United States law, be subject\n\nto income tax in the United States based on net income and, when\n\nearned by a company, will also be subject to the taxes described\n\nin paragraph 1 of Article 14 (Permanent Establishment Tax). The\n\ntotal of these taxes which may be imposed on such fees, however,\n\nmay not exceed the amount computed by multiplying the gross fee\n\nby the appropriate tax rate specified in subparagraph a) or b),\n\nwhichever is applicable, of paragraph 2 of Article 12.\n\n\n\nV. Ad Article 14\n\n\n\n It is understood that references in paragraph 1 of Article 14\n\n(Permanent Establishment Tax) to profits that are subject to tax\n\nin the United States under Article 6 (Income from Immovable\n\nProperty (Real Property)), under Article 12 (Royalties and Fees\n\nfor Included Services), as fees for included services as defined\n\nin that Article, or under Article 13 (Gains) of this Convention,\n\nare intended to refer only to cases in which the profits in\n\nquestion are subject to United States tax based on net income\n\n(i.e., by virtue of being effectively connected, or being treated\n\fas effectively connected, with the conduct of a trade or business\n\nin the United States). Any income which is subject to tax under\n\nthose Articles based on gross income is not subject to tax under\n\nArticle 14.\n\n\n\n\n IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized by\n\ntheir respective Governments, have signed this Protocol.\n\n\n\n DONE at New Delhi in duplicate, this 12th day of September,\n\n1989, in the English and Hindi languages, both texts being\n\nequally authentic. In case of divergence between the two texts,\n\nthe English text shall be the operative one.\n\n\n\nFOR THE GOV\n GOVERN\n ERNMEN\n MENT THE\n T OF THE FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE\n\nUNIT\nUNITED\n ED ST\n STAT\n ATES AMER\n ES OF AMERICA:\n ICA: REPUBLIC OF INDIA:\n\n\n\n\n John R. Hubbard N.K. Sengupta\n\n Ambassador Secretary to the\n\n Government of India\n\f EMBASSY OF THE\n UNITED STATES OF AMERICA\n\n\n New Delhi, September 12, 1989\n\n\nExcellency:\n I have the honor to refer to the Convention between the\nGovernment of the United states of America and the Government\nof the Republic of India for the Avoidance of Double Taxation\nand the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on\nIncome which was signed today (hereinafter referred to as \"the\nConvention\") and to confirm, on behalf of the Government of the\nUnited States of America, the following understandings reached\nbetween the two Governments:\n Both sides agree that a tax sparing credit shall not be\nprovided in Article 25 (Relief from Double Taxation) of the\nConvention at this time. However, the Convention shall be\npromptly amended to incorporate a tax sparing credit provision\nif the United states hereafter amends its laws concerning the\nprovision of tax sparing credits, or the United States reaches\nagreement on the provision of a tax sparing credit with any\nother country.\n Both sides also agree that, for purposes of paragraph 4(c)\nof Article 5 (Permanent Establishment) of the Convention, a\nperson shall be considered to habitually secure orders in a\nContracting State, wholly or almost wholly for an enterprise,\nonly if:\n 1. such person frequently accepts orders for goods or\nmerchandise on behalf of the enterprise;\n 2. substantially all of such person's sales-related\nactivities in the Contracting state consist of activities for\nthe enterprise;\n\f 3. such person habitually represents to persons\noffering to buy goods or merchandise that acceptance of an\norder by such person constitutes the agreement of the\nenterprise to supply goods or merchandise under the terms and\nconditions specified in the order; and\n 4. the enterprise takes actions that give purchasers\nthe basis for a reasonable belief that such person has\nauthority to bind the enterprise.\n I have the honor to request Your Excellency to confirm the\nforegoing understandings of Your Excellency's Government.\n Accept, Excellency, the renewed assurances of my highest\nconsideration.\n\n\n\n\nHis Excellen\n Exc cy\n llenc JohnR.R.Hubb\n John ard\n Hubbard\n Dr. N.K. Sengupta,\n Sengupta, Amb\n Ambass\n assado\n adorr\n Secretary (Revenue),\n Secretary (Revenue),\n Mi\n Mini\n nist\n stry\n ry of Finance\n Finance,\n ,\n Ne\n New\n w De\n Delh\n lhi.\n i.\n\f GOVERNMENT OF INDIA\n MINISTRY OF FINANCE, DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE\n NEW DELHI-110001\n\n\n\n September 12, 1989\n\n\nExcellency:\n I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of Your\nExcellency's Note of today's date, which reads as follows:\n \"I have the honor to refer to the Convention between the\nGovernment of the United States of America and the Government\nof the Republic of India for the Avoidance of Double Taxation\nand the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on\nIncome which was signed today (hereinafter referred to as \"the\nConvention\") and to confirm, on behalf of the Government of the\nUnited States of America, the following understandings reached\nbetween the two Governments:\n Both sides agree that a tax sparing credit shall not be\nprovided in Article 25 (Relief from Double Taxation) of the\nConvention at this time. However, the Convention shall be\npromptly amended to incorporate a tax sparing credit provision\nif the United States hereafter amends its laws concerning the\nprovision of tax sparing credits, or the United States reaches\nagreement on the provision of a tax sparing credit with any\nother country.\n Both sides also agree that, for purposes of paragraph 4(c)\nof Article 5 (Permanent Establishment) of the Convention, a\nperson shall be considered to habitually secure orders in a\nContracting state, wholly or almost wholly for an enterprise,\nonly if:\n\fSECRETARY\n 1. such person frequently accepts orders for goods or\n merchandise on behalf of the enterprise;\n 2. substantially all of such person's sales-related\n activities in the Contracting state consist of activities for\n the enterprise;\n 3. such person habitually represents to persons\n offering to buy goods or merchandise that acceptance of an\n order by such person constitutes the agreement of the\n enterprise to supply goods or merchandise under the terms and\n conditions specified in the order; and\n 4. the enterprise takes actions that give purchasers\n the basis for a reasonable belief that such person has\n authority to bind the enterprise.\"\n I have the honour to confirm the understandings contained\n in Your Excellency's Note, on behalf of the Government of the\n Republic of India.\n Accept, Excellency, the renewed assurances of my highest\n consideration.\n\n\n His Excellency N. K. Sengupta\n Dr. John R. Hubbard,\n Ambassador of the\n United States of America,\n New Delhi.\n\f EMBASSY OF THE\n UNITED STATES OF AMERICA\n\n\n\n\n New Delhi, September 12, 1989\n\n\nExcellency:\n\n\n I have the honor to refer to the Convention signed today\nbetween the United States of America and the Republic of\nIndia for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the\nPrevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income\nand to Inform you on behalf of the United States of America\nof the following:\n During the course of the negotiations leading to\nconclusion of the Convention signed today, the negotiators\ndeveloped and agreed upon a memorandum of understanding\nintended to give guidance both to the taxpayers and the tax\nauthorities of our two countries In Interpreting aspects of\nArticle 12 (Royalties and Fees for Included Services)\nrelating to the scope of included services. This memorandum\nof understanding represents the current views of the United\nStates Government with respect to these aspects of Article\n12, and it is my Government's understanding that it also\nrepresents the current views of the Indian Government. It\nIs also my Government's view that as our Governments gain\nexperience in administering the Convention, and particularly\nArticle 12, the competent authorities may develop and\npublish amendments to the memorandum of understanding and\nfurther understandings and interpretations of the Convention.\n\fcommon view of the purpose of the memorandum of\nunderstanding relating to Article 12 of the Convention.\n Accept, Excellency, the renewed assurances of my highest\nconsideration .\n\n\n\n\nHis Excellency John R. Hubbard\n Dr. N.K. Sengupta, Ambassador\n Secretary (Revenue),\n Ministry of Finance,\n New Delhi.\n\f GOVERNMENT OF INDIA\n MINISTRY OF FINANCE, DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE\n NEW DELHI-110001\n\n\n\n\n September 12, 1989\n\n\nExcellency:\n I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of Your\nExcellency's Note of today's date, which reads as follows:\n \"I have the honor to refer to the Convention signed today\nbetween the United States of America and the Republic of India\nfor the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of\nFiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and to inform\nyou on behalf of the United States of America of the following:\n During the course of the negotiations leading to conclusion\nof the Convention signed today, the negotiators developed and\nagreed upon a memorandum of understanding intended to give\nguidance both to the taxpayers and the tax authorities of our\ntwo countries in interpreting aspects of Article 12 (Royalties\nand Fees for Included Services) relating to the scope of\nincluded services. This memorandum of understanding represents\nthe current views of the United states Government with respect\nto these aspects of Article 12, and it is my Government's\nunderstanding that it also represents the current views of the\nIndian Government. It is also my Government's view that as our\nGovernments gain experience in administering the Convention,\nand particularly Article 12, the competent authorities may\n\fSECRETARY\n\n\n develop and publish amendments to the memorandum of\n understanding and further understandings and interpretations of\n the Convention.\n If this position meets with the approval of the Government\n of the Republic of India, this letter and your reply thereto\nwill indicate that our Governments share a common view of the\npurpose of the memorandum of understanding relating to Article\n 12 of the Convention.\"\n I have the honour to confirm the understandings contained\n in Your Excellency's Note, on behalf of the Government of the\nRepublic of India.\n Accept, Excellency, the renewed assurances of my highest\n consideration.\n\n\n\n\n His Excellency N. K. Sengupta\n Dr. John R. Hubbard,\n Ambassador of the\n United States of America,\n New Delhi.\n\f May 15, 1989\n U.S. - INDIA TAX TREATY\n MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING CONCERNING\n FEES FOR INCLUDED SERVICES\n IN ARTICLE 12\nParagraph 4 (in general)\n This memorandum describes in some detail the category of\nservices defined in paragraph 4 of Article 12 (Royalties and\nFees for Included Services). It also provides examples of\nservices intended to be covered within the definition of\nincluded services and those intended to be excluded, either\nbecause they do not satisfy the tests of paragraph 4, or\nbecause, notwithstanding the fact that they meet the tests of\nparagraph 4, they are dealt with under paragraph 5. The\nexamples in either case are not intended as an exhaustive list\nbut rather as illustrating a few typical cases. For ease of\nunderstanding, the examples in this memorandum describe U.S.\npersons providing services to Indian persons, but the rules of\nArticle 12 are reciprocal in application.\n Article 12 includes only certain technical and consultancy\nservices. By technical services, we mean in this context\nservices requiring expertise in a technology. By consultancy\nservices, we mean in this context advisory services. The\ncategories of technical and consultancy services are to some\nextent overlapping because a consultancy service could also be\na technical service. However, the category of consultancy\nservices also includes an advisory service, whether or not\nexpertise In a technology is required to perform it.\n Under paragraph 4, technical and consultancy services are\nconsidered included services only to the following extent: (1)\nas described in paragraph 4(a), if they are ancillary and\nsubsidiary to the application or enjoyment of a right, property\nor information for which a royalty payment is made; or (2) as\ndescribed in paragraph 4(b), if they make available technical\nknowledge, experience, skill, know-how, or processes, or\nconsist of the development and transfer of a technical plan or\ntechnical design. Thus, under paragraph 4(b), consultancy\nservices which are not of a technical nature cannot be included\nservices.\nParagraph 4 (a)\n Paragraph 4 (a) of Article 12 refers to technical or\nconsultancy services that are ancillary and subsidiary to the\napplication or enjoyment of any right, property, or information\nfor which a payment described in paragraph 3(a) or (b) is\nreceived. Thus, paragraph 4(a) includes technical and\nconsultancy services that are ancillary and subsidiary to the\napplication or enjoyment of an intangible for which a royalty\nis received under a license or sale as described in\n\fparagraph 3(a), as well as those ancillary and subsidiary to\nthe application or enjoyment of industrial, commercial, or\nscientific equipment for which a royalty is received under a\nlease as described in paragraph 3(b).\n It is understood that, in order for a service fee to be\nconsidered \"ancillary and subsidiary\" to the application or\nenjoyment of some right, property, or information for which a\npayment described in paragraph 3(a) or (b) is received, the\nservice must be related to the application or enjoyment of the\nright, property, or information. In addition, the clearly\npredominant purpose of the arrangement under which the payment\nof the service fee and such other payment are made must be the\napplication or enjoyment of the right, property, or information\ndescribed in paragraph 3. The question of whether the service\nis related to the application or enjoyment of the right,\nproperty, or Information described in paragraph 3 and whether\nthe clearly predominant purpose of the arrangement is such\napplication or enjoyment must be determined by reference to the\nfacts and circumstances of each case. Factors which may be\nrelevant to such determination (although not necessarily\ncontrolling) include:\n 1. the extent to which the services in question\n facilitate the effective application or enjoyment of the\n right, property, or Information described in paragraph 3;\n 2. the extent to which such services are customarily\n provided in the ordinary course of business arrangements\n involving royalties described in paragraph 3;\n 3. whether the amount paid for the services (or which\n would be paid by parties operating at arm's length) is an\n Insubstantial portion of the combined payments for the\n services and the right, property, or information described\n in paragraph 3;\n 4. whether the payment made for the services and the\n royalty described in paragraph 3 are made under a single\n contract (or a set of related contracts); and\n 5. whether the person performing the services is the\n same person as, or a related person to, the person\n receiving the royalties described in paragraph 3 (for this\n purpose, persons are considered related if their\n relationship is described in Article 9 (Associated\n Enterprises) or if the person providing the service is\n doing so in connection with an overall arrangement which\n includes the payor and recipient of the royalties).\n To the extent that services are not considered ancillary\n and subsidiary to the aplication or enjoyment of some\n\fright, property, or information for which a royalty\npayment under paragraph 3 is made, such services shall be\nconsidered \"included services\" only to the extent that\nthey are described in paragraph 4(b).\nExample (1)\n Facts:\n A U.S. manufacturer grants rights to an Indian\n company to use manufacturing processes in which the\n transferor has exclusive rights by virtue of process\n patents or the protection otherwise extended by law\n to the owner of a process. As part of the\n contractual arrangement, the U.S. manufacturer agrees\n to provide certain consultancy services to the Indian\n company in order to improve the effectiveness of the\n latter's use of the processes. Such services\n include, for example, the provision of information\n and advice on sources of supply for materials needed\n in the manufacturing process, and on the development\n of sales and service literature for the manufactured\n product. The payments allocable to such services do\n not form a substantial part of the total\n consideration payable under the contractual\n arrangement. Are the payments for these services\n fees for \"included services’?\n Analysis:\n The payments are fees for included services. The\n services described in this example are ancillary and\n subsidiary to the use of a manufacturing process\n protected by law as described in paragraph 3 (a) of\n Article 12 because the services are related to the\n application or enjoyment of the intangible and the\n granting of the right to use the intangible is the\n clearly predominant purpose of the arrangement.\n Because the services are ancillary and subsidiary to\n the use of the manufacturing process, the fees for\n these services are considered fees for included\n services under paragraph 4 (a) of Article 12,\n regardless of whether the services are described in\n paragraph 4 (b).\nExample(2)\n Facts:\n An Indian manufacturing company produces a product\n that must be manufactured under sterile conditions\n using machinery that must be kept completely free of\n bacterial or other harmful deposits. A U.S. company\n has developed a special cleaning process for removing\n\f such deposits from that type of machinery. The U.S.\n company enters into a contract with the Indian company\n under which the former will clean the latter's machinery\n on a regular basis. As part of the arrangement, the\n U.S. company leases to the Indian company a piece of\n equipment which allows the Indian company to measure the\n level of bacterial deposits on its machinery in order\n for it to know when cleaning is required. Are the\n payments for the services fees for included services?\n Analysis:\n In this example, the provision of cleaning services by\n the U.S. company and the rental of the monitoring\n equipment are related to each other. However, the\n clearly predominant purpose of the arrangement is the\n provision of cleaning services. Thus, although the\n cleaning services might be considered technical\n services, they are not \"ancillary and subsidiary\" to the\n rental of the monitoring equipment. Accordingly, the\n cleaning services are not \"included services\" within the\n meaning of paragraph 4 (a).\nParagraph 4 (b)\n Paragraph 4(b) of Article 12 refers to technical or\nconsultancy services that make available to the person\nacquiring the service technical knowledge, experience, skill,\nknow-how, or processes, or consist of the development and\ntransfer of a technical plan or technical design to such\nperson. (For this purpose, the person acquiring the service\nshall be deemed to include an agent, nominee, or transferee of\nsuch person.) This category is narrower than the category\ndescribed in paragraph 4(a) because it excludes any service\nthat does not make technology available to the person acquiring\nthe service. Generally speaking, technology will be considered\n\"made available\" when the person acquiring the service is\nenabled to apply the technology. The fact that the provision\nof the service may require technical Input by the person\nproviding the service does not per se mean that technical\nknowledge, skills, etc. are made available to the person\npurchasing the service, within the meaning of paragraph 4 (b).\nSimilarly, the use of a product which embodies technology shall\nnot per se be considered to make the technology available.\n Typical categories of services that generally involve\neither the development and transfer of technical plans or\ntechnical designs, or making technology available as described\nin paragraph 4 (b), include:\n 1. engineering services (including the subcategories of\nbioengineering and aeronautical, agricultural,\nceramics,chemical, civil, electrical, mechanical,\nmetallurgical, and industrial engineering);\n\f 2. architectural services; and\n 3. computer software development.\n Under paragraph 4 (b), technical and consultancy services\ncould make technology available in a variety of settings,\nactivities and industries. Such services may, for example,\nrelate to any of the following areas:\n 1. bio-technical services;\n 2. food processing;\n 3. environmental and ecological services;\n 4. communication through satellite or otherwise;\n 5. energy conservation;\n 6. exploration or exploitation of mineral oil\n or natural gas;\n 7. geological surveys;\n 8. scientific services; and\n 9. technical training.\n The following examples indicate the scope of the\nconditions in paragraph 4 (b):\n Example (3)\n Facts:\n A U.S. manufacturer has experience in the use of a\n process for manufacturing wallboard for interior\n walls of houses which is more durable than the\n standard products of its type. An Indian builder\n wishes to produce this product for its own use. It\n rents a plant and contracts with the U.S. company to\n send experts to India to show engineers in the Indian\n company how to produce the extra-strong wallboard.\n The U.S. contractors work with the technicians in the\n Indian firm for a few months. Are the payments to\n the U.S. firm considered to be payments for \"included\n services\"?\n Analysis:\n The payments would be fees for included services.\n The services are of a technical or consultancy\n nature; in the example, they have elements of both\n types of services. The services make available to the\n Indian company technical knowledge, skill, and\n processes.\n\f —6-\nExample (4)\n Facts:\n A U.S. manufacturer operates a wallboard fabrication\n plant outside India. An Indian builder hires the\n U.S. company to produce wallboard at that plant for a\n fee. The Indian company provides the raw materials,\n and the U.S. manufacturer fabricates the wallboard in\n its plant, using advanced technology. Are the fees\n in this example payments for included services?\n Analysis:\n The fees would not be for included services.\n Although the U.S. company is clearly performing a\n technical service, no technical knowledge, skill,\n etc., are made available to the Indian company, nor\n is there any development and transfer of a technical\n plan or design. The U.S. company is merely\n performing a contract manufacturing service.\nExample (5)\n Facts:\n An Indian firm owns inventory control software for\n use in its chain of retail outlets throughout India.\n It expands its sales operation by employing a team of\n travelling salesmen to travel around the countryside\n selling the company's wares. The company wants to\n modify its software to permit the salesmen to access\n the company's central computers for information on\n what products are available in inventory and when\n they can be delivered. The Indian firm hires a U.S.\n computer programming firm to modify its software for\n this purpose. Are the fees which the Indian firm\n pays treated as fees for included services?\n Analysis:\n The fees are for included services. The U.S. company\n clearly performs a technical service for the Indian\n company, and it transfers to the Indian company the\n technical plan (i.e., the computer program) which it\n has developed.\nExample (6)\n Facts:\n An Indian vegetable oil manufacturing company wants\n to produce a cholesterol-free oil from a plant which\n produces oil normally containing cholesterol. An\n American company has developed a process for refining\n the cholesterol out of the oil. The Indian company\n contracts with the U.S. company to modify the\n formulas which it uses so as to eliminate the\n cholesterol, and to train the employees of the Indian\n company in applying the new formulas. Are the fees\n paid by the Indian company for included services?\n\f Analysis:\n The fees are for included services. The services are\n technical, and the technical knowledge is made\n available to the Indian company. -\n Example (7)\n Facts:\n The Indian vegetable oil manufacturing firm has\n mastered the science of producing cholesterol-free\n oil and wishes to market the product world-wide. It\n hires an American marketing consulting firm to do a\n computer simulation of the world market for such oil\n and to advise it on marketing strategies. Are the\n fees paid to the U.S. company for included services?\n Analysis:\n The fees would not be for included services. The\n American company is providing a consultancy service\n which Involves the use of substantial technical skill\n and expertise. It is not, however, making available\n to the Indian company any technical experience,\n knowledge or skill, etc., nor is it transferring a\n technical plan or design. What is transferred to the\n Indian company through the service contract is\n commercial information. The fact that technical\n skills were required by the performer of the service\n in order to perform the commercial information\n service does not make the service a technical service\n within the meaning of paragraph 4(b).\nParagraph 5\n Paragraph 5 of Article 12 describes several categories of\nservices which are not intended to be treated as included\nservices even if they satisfy the tests of paragraph 4. Set\nforth below are examples of cases where fees would be included\nunder paragraph 4, but are excluded because of the conditions\nof paragraph 5.\n Example (8)\n Facts:\n An Indian company purchases a computer from a U.S.\n computer manufacturer. As part of the purchase\n agreement, the manufacturer agrees to assist the Indian\n company in setting up the computer and installing the\n operating system, and to ensure that the staff of the\n Indian company is able to operate the computer. Also,\n as part of the purchase agreement, the seller agrees to\n provide, for a period of ten years, any updates to the\n operating system and any training necessary to apply the\n\f update. Both of these service elements to the contract\n would qualify under paragraph 4(b) as an included\n service. Would either or both be excluded from the\n category of included services, under paragraph 5(a),\n because they are ancillary and subsidiary, as well as\n inextricably and essentially linked, to the sale of the\n computer?\n Analysis:\n The installation assistance and initial training are\n ancillary and subsidiary to the sale of the computer,\n and they are also inextricably and essentially linked to\n the sale. The computer would be of little value to the\n Indian purchaser without these services, which are most\n readily and usefully provided by the seller. The fees\n for installation assistance and Initial training,\n therefore, are not fees for included services, since\n these services are not the predominant purpose of the\n arrangement.\n The services of updating the operating system and\n providing associated necessary training may well be\n ancillary and subsidiary to the sale of the computer,\n but they are not inextricably and essentially linked to\n the sale. without the upgrades, the computer will\n continue to operate as it did when purchased, and will\n continue to accomplish the same functions. Acquiring\n the updates cannot, therefore, be said to be\n inextricably and essentially linked to the sale of the\n computer.\nExample (9)\n Facts:\n An Indian hospital purchases an x-ray machine from a\n U.S. manufacturer. As part of the purchase agreement,\n the manufacturer agrees to Install the machine, to\n perform an initial inspection of the machine in India,\n to train hospital staff in the use of the machine, and\n to service the machine periodically during the usual\n warranty period (2 years). Under an optional service\n contract purchased by the hospital, the manufacturer\n also agrees to perform certain other services throughout\n the life of the machine, Including periodic inspections\n and repair services, advising the hospital about\n developments in x-ray film or techniques which could\n Improve the effectiveness of the machine, and training\n hospital staff in the application of those new\n developments. The cost of the initial Installation,\n inspection, training, and warranty service is relatively\n minor as compared with the cost of the x-ray machine.\n Is any of the service described here ancillary and\n subsidiary, as well as inextricably and essentially\n linked, to the sale of the x-ray machine?\n\f Analysis:\n The initial installation, inspection, and training\n services in India and the periodic service during the\n warranty period are ancillary and subsidiary, as well as\n inextricably and essentially linked, to the sale of the\n X-ray machine because the usefulness of the machine to\n the hospital depends on this service, the manufacturer\n has full responsibility during this period, and the cost\n of the services is a relatively minor component of the\n contract. Therefore, under paragraph 5(a) these fees\n are not fees for included services, regardless of\n whether they otherwise would fall within paragraph 4(b).\n Neither the post-warranty period Inspection and repair\n services, nor the advisory and training services\n relating to new developments are \"inextricably and\n essentially linked\" to the initial purchase of the x-ray\n machine. Accordingly, fees for these services may be\n treated as fees for included services if they meet the\n tests of paragraph 4(b).\nExample (10)\n Facts:\n An Indian automobile manufacturer decides to expand into\n the manufacture of helicopters. It sends a group of\n engineers from its design staff to a course of study\n conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology\n (MIT) for two years to study aeronautical engineering.\n The Indian firm pays tuition fees to MIT on behalf of\n the firm's employees. Is the tuition fee a fee for an\n included service within the meaning of Article 12?\n Analysis:\n The tuition fee is clearly intended to acquire a\n technical service for the firm. However, the fee paid\n is for teaching by an educational institution, and is,\n therefore, under paragraph 5(c), not an included\n service. It is Irrelevant for this purpsoe whether MIT\n conducts the course on its campus or at some other\n location.\nExample (11)\n Facts:\n As in Example (10), the automobile manufacturer wishes\n to expand into the manufacture of helicopters. It\n approaches an Indian university about establishing a\n course of study in aeronautical engineering. The\n university contracts with a U.S. helicopter manufacturer\n to send an engineer to be a visiting professor of\n aeronautical engineering on its faculty for a year. Are\n the amounts paid by the university for these teaching\n services fees for included services?\n\f Analysis:\n The fees are for teaching in an educational\n institution. As such, pursuant to paragraph 5(c), they\n are not fees for included services.\nExample (12)\n Facts:\n An Indian wishes to install a computerized system in his\n home to control lighting, heating and air conditioning,\n a stereo sound system and a burglar and fire alarm\n system. He hires an American electrical engineering\n firm to design the necessary wiring system, adapt\n standard software, and provide instructions for\n installation. Are the fees paid to the American firm by\n the Indian individual fees for Included services?\n Analysis:\n The services in respect of which the fees are paid are\n of the type which would generally be treated as fees for\n included services under paragraph 4(b). However, because\n the services are for the personal use of the individual\n making the payment, under paragraph 5(d) the payments\n would not be fees for included services.", "text_sha256": "cb65d509a60071e864b4e3eda6e7afdb46eed1129ba02a6d756aade7da50e998" } ], "extraction": { "full_text_coverage": { "alignment_claim": "observed native extraction only; no visual, semantic, legal-paragraph or cross-language alignment; blank/image-only page completeness unverified", "character_count": 123372, "extracted_page_slot_count": 77, "formfeed_page_count": 77, "nonempty_paragraph_count": 1315, "offset_unit": "unicode-codepoints", "page_mapping": "native-formfeed-order-count-matched", "page_spans": [ { "end_char": 1995, "extracted_page_slot": 1, "nonempty": true, "start_char": 0 }, { "end_char": 6366, "extracted_page_slot": 2, "nonempty": true, "start_char": 1996 }, { "end_char": 9217, "extracted_page_slot": 3, "nonempty": true, "start_char": 6367 }, { "end_char": 11821, "extracted_page_slot": 4, 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null, "date_evidence": { "authentic_languages": [ "en", "hi" ], "available_source_languages": [ "en" ], "end_char": 84855, "offset_unit": "Unicode codepoints; end exclusive", "quote": "DONE at New Delhi in duplicate, this 12th day of September,\n\n1989, in the English and Hindi languages, both texts being\n\nequally authentic.", "quote_sha256": "f1aef61379d73b0bf0de2e3cfd6665c9088f0c670af5c175a4128b70d700e47b", "scope": "Only recorded English transcription available; no alternative route inferred from authentic-language clause", "source_sha256": "b0d64da3fce51580cc0f43b1fb56c6f8c6aaf7936f6c192d9781279d948b2007", "start_char": 84716, "text_sha256": "70d440d9ee3e18058c78e214562305dd381f99175dc6c1de22e31bfc0d5b348c" }, "date_evidence_by_role": { "applicability_date": null, "entry_into_force_date": { "end_char": 8980, "offset_unit": "Unicode codepoints; end exclusive", "quote": "Entered into\nEntered force December\n into force December 18,18, 1990.\n 1990.", "quote_sha256": 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