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(1) Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
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(2) However, such dividends:
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(a) shall be exempt from tax in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident if the beneficial owner of the dividends is:
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(i) a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State and controls, directly or indirectly, at least 10 per cent of the capital in the company paying the dividends; or
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(ii) a pension scheme;
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(b) except as provided in sub-paragraph (a), may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends.
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This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
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The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of these limitations.
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(3) The term “dividends” as used in this Article means income from shares, jouissance shares or jouissance rights, founders’ shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights assimilated to income from shares by the taxation laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident and, in the case of the United Kingdom, includes any item which under the laws of the United Kingdom is treated as a distribution of a company.
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(4) The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In that case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
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(5) Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company’s undistributed profits to a tax on the company’s undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.