- 1. [The first sentence of paragraph 1 of Article 25 of this Convention is REPLACED by paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the MLI] [Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 24 of this Convention, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national]. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Convention or, if later, within six years from the end of the taxable year or chargeable period in respect of which that taxation is imposed or proposed.
The following paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the MLI replaces the first sentence of paragraph 1 of Article 25 of this Convention[[footnote 5]](#fn:5):
Article 16 of the MLI — mutual agreement procedure.
Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the [Contracting States] result or will result for that person in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of [this Convention], that person may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those [Contracting States], present the case to the competent authority of either [Contracting State].
- 2. The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention. [SUPERSEDED by the second sentence of paragraph 2 of Article 16 of the MLI] [Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States, except such limitations as apply for the purpose of giving effect to such an agreement].
The following second sentence of paragraph 2 of Article 16 of the MLI applies to this Convention[[footnote 6]](#fn:6):
Article 16 of the MLI — mutual agreement procedure.
Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of [the Contracting States].
- 3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Convention and to consider measures to counteract improper use of provisions of this Convention.
- 4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.
- 5. Where:
- (a) under paragraph 1 of this Article, a person has presented a case to the competent authority of a Contracting State on the basis that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States have resulted for that person in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, and
- (b) the competent authorities are unable to reach an agreement to resolve that case pursuant to paragraph 2 of this Article within two years from the presentation of the case to the competent authority of the other Contracting State,
- any unresolved issues arising from the case shall be submitted to arbitration if the person so requests. Unless a person directly affected by the case does not accept the mutual agreement that implements the arbitration decision, that decision shall be binding on both Contracting States and shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic laws of these States. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this paragraph.
- 6. The provisions of paragraph 5 shall not apply to cases falling within paragraph 4 of Article 4 of this Convention.