(1) For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “permanent
establishment” means a fixed place of business through which
the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
(2) The term “permanent establishment” includes especially:
a) a place of management;
b) a branch;
c) an office;
d) a factory;
e) a workshop, and
f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of
extraction of natural resources.
(3) The term “permanent establishment” likewise encom -
passes a building site, a construction or installation project or
supervisory activities in connection therewith, but only where
such site, project or activities continue for a period of more than
nine months in any twelve-month period commencing or ending
in the fiscal year concerned.
(4) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article,
the term “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to
include:
a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display
or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enter-
prise;
b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belong-
ing to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, dis-
play or delivery;
c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belong-
ing to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by
another enterprise;
d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the
purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collect-
ing information, for the enterprise;
e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the
purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of
a preparatory or auxiliary character;
f) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any
combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs a)
to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of
business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory
or auxiliary character.
(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2,
where a person – other than an agent of an independent status
to whom paragraph 6 applies – is acting on behalf of an enter-
prise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an
authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise,
that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establish-
ment in that State in respect of any activities which that person
undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person
are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised
through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed
place of business a permanent establishment under the provi-
sions of that paragraph.
(6) An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent
establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries
on business in that State through a broker, general commission
agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that
such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.
(7) The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contract-
ing State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resi-
dent of the other Contracting State or which carries on business
in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment
or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a
permanent establishment of the other.
de-albania-2011-base | BGBl. 2011 II S. 1186 | Signed: 2010-04-06 | Gazette publication: 2011-12-08
Source form
official-publication PDF retained unchanged; reader derives from an evidenced native font-map encoding-recovery derivative, not OCR
Source scope
original implementing law, bilingual base treaty and accompanying protocol; not a current consolidated text
Retrieved
2026-09-30
Text and language scope
German and English are supplied. The signing clause additionally identifies Albanian as authentic; Albanian is NOT present in this reader. The English text prevails in divergent interpretation of German and Albanian according to the closing clause. Unreviewed coordinate-based machine transcription of this original source edition only. Printed line breaks, hyphens and uncertain token spacing are retained, not silently corrected. Treaty preamble, closing formula, protocol and shared signatures are separate retained assets, not part of the last article. Full supplements: /review/de-albania-2011-base/. PDF page links identify pages, not verified paragraph correspondence. Signed 2010-04-06; consent law 2011-12-05; Gazette publication 2011-12-08; treaty entry into force 2011-12-23 (retained official-article audit evidence); general application from 2012-01-01 (roster, not universal tax-specific start). Encoding-recovery method: only the source font code00 /space Unicode mapping U+0007 to U+0020 changed in a separately hashed derivative. CFF blank glyph, 278-unit advance, unchanged page content streams and 23/23 identical source/derivative page renders for this edition evidence this mapping. Word regrouping is logged; every nonspace character is conserved in sequence within its physical source line. No model-generated treaty wording and no OCR.
Review status
Pending human wording, completeness, source-authority, currentness, alignment and rendering review. No legal review performed.
Currentness
Original source edition; not a verified current-law consolidation. Unknown. No current-law consolidation, effective-period determination, MLI application, or complete amendment-chain verification has been performed. Original publication year is not a current applicability date. Bounded agent triage, no qualified wording/alignment/legal review. No exhaustive verification of all later 2026 developments. Matching digest proves retained source identity, not legal force.
Protocols and later instruments
The protocol printed with this agreement is separately preserved in source supplements; it has not been merged into treaty articles. Subsequent protocols, amendments, MLI effects, replacements and suspensions are unresolved. This is not a consolidated current-law instrument. Source-triage warnings: Bounded agent triage, no qualified wording/alignment/legal review. No exhaustive verification of all later 2026 developments. Matching digest proves retained source identity, not legal force.
Text language and status
en · authentic-language-transcription · machine-transcription
BGBl. 2011 II S. 1186 | de-albania-2011-base | de-albania-2011-base | BGBl. 2011 II S. 1186 | Signed: 2010-04-06 | Gazette publication: 2011-12-08 | Article 5 | en | Pending human wording, completeness, source-authority, currentness, alignment and rendering review. No legal review performed. | /library/treaties/de-albania-2011-base/en/articles/article-5/
Source, edition and limits
Source edition
de-albania-2011-base | BGBl. 2011 II S. 1186 | Signed: 2010-04-06 | Gazette publication: 2011-12-08
Source form
official-publication PDF retained unchanged; reader derives from an evidenced native font-map encoding-recovery derivative, not OCR
Source scope
original implementing law, bilingual base treaty and accompanying protocol; not a current consolidated text
Retrieved
2026-09-30
Text and language scope
German and English are supplied. The signing clause additionally identifies Albanian as authentic; Albanian is NOT present in this reader. The English text prevails in divergent interpretation of German and Albanian according to the closing clause. Unreviewed coordinate-based machine transcription of this original source edition only. Printed line breaks, hyphens and uncertain token spacing are retained, not silently corrected. Treaty preamble, closing formula, protocol and shared signatures are separate retained assets, not part of the last article. Full supplements: /review/de-albania-2011-base/. PDF page links identify pages, not verified paragraph correspondence. Signed 2010-04-06; consent law 2011-12-05; Gazette publication 2011-12-08; treaty entry into force 2011-12-23 (retained official-article audit evidence); general application from 2012-01-01 (roster, not universal tax-specific start). Encoding-recovery method: only the source font code00 /space Unicode mapping U+0007 to U+0020 changed in a separately hashed derivative. CFF blank glyph, 278-unit advance, unchanged page content streams and 23/23 identical source/derivative page renders for this edition evidence this mapping. Word regrouping is logged; every nonspace character is conserved in sequence within its physical source line. No model-generated treaty wording and no OCR.
Review status
Pending human wording, completeness, source-authority, currentness, alignment and rendering review. No legal review performed.
Currentness
Original source edition; not a verified current-law consolidation. Unknown. No current-law consolidation, effective-period determination, MLI application, or complete amendment-chain verification has been performed. Original publication year is not a current applicability date. Bounded agent triage, no qualified wording/alignment/legal review. No exhaustive verification of all later 2026 developments. Matching digest proves retained source identity, not legal force.
Protocols and later instruments
The protocol printed with this agreement is separately preserved in source supplements; it has not been merged into treaty articles. Subsequent protocols, amendments, MLI effects, replacements and suspensions are unresolved. This is not a consolidated current-law instrument. Source-triage warnings: Bounded agent triage, no qualified wording/alignment/legal review. No exhaustive verification of all later 2026 developments. Matching digest proves retained source identity, not legal force.
Text language and status
en · authentic-language-transcription · machine-transcription