(1) For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “permanent
establishment” means a fixed place of business through which
the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
(2) The term “permanent establishment” includes especially:
a) a place of management;
b) a branch;
c) an office;
d) a factory;
e) a workshop, and
a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of
f)
extraction of natural resources.
(4) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article,
the term “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to
include
a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display
or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enter-
prise;
b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise
belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of stor-
age, display or delivery;
c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise
belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of pro-
cessing by another enterprise;
d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the
purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collect-
ing information, for the enterprise;
e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the
purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity
of a preparatory or auxiliary character;
the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any
f)
combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs a)
to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of
business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory
or auxiliary character.
(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2,
where a person – other than an agent of an independent status
to whom paragraph 6 applies – is acting on behalf of an enter-
prise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State
an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enter-
prise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent
establishment in that State in respect of any activities which
that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities
of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4
which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not
make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment
under the provisions of that paragraph.
(6) An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent
establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries
on business in that State through a broker, general commission
agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided
that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their
business.
(7) The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contract-
ing State controls or is controlled by a company which is a
resident of the other Contracting State or which carries on busi-
ness in that other State (whether through a permanent estab-
lishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either com-
pany a permanent establishment of the other.
de-ghana-2006-base | BGBl. 2006 II S. 1018 | Signed: 2004-08-12 | Gazette publication: 2006-12-07
Source form
official-publication PDF with native text layer; reader is a machine transcription
Source scope
original implementing law, bilingual base treaty and accompanying protocol; not a current consolidated text
Retrieved
2026-09-30
Text and language scope
Unreviewed coordinate-based machine transcription of this original source edition only. Printed line breaks, hyphens and uncertain token spacing are retained, not silently corrected. Treaty preamble, closing formula, protocol and shared signatures are separate retained assets, not part of the last article. Full supplements: /review/de-ghana-2006-base/. PDF page links identify pages, not verified paragraph correspondence.
Review status
Pending human wording, completeness, source-authority, currentness, alignment and rendering review. No legal review performed.
Currentness
Original source edition; not a verified current-law consolidation. Unknown. No current-law consolidation, effective-period determination, MLI application, or complete amendment-chain verification has been performed. Original publication year is not a current applicability date. No later amendment identified in roster I.1 or cached/fetched BMF article. The October1 HTML section was checked and matches the cache; this is not exhaustive currentness certification. Ghana is not listed in roster I.2 as of2026-01-01. A country-page omission does not prove absence of all later MLI/legal developments.
Protocols and later instruments
The protocol printed with this agreement is separately preserved in source supplements; it has not been merged into treaty articles. Subsequent protocols, amendments, MLI effects, replacements and suspensions are unresolved. This is not a consolidated current-law instrument. Source-triage warnings: No later amendment identified in roster I.1 or cached/fetched BMF article. The October1 HTML section was checked and matches the cache; this is not exhaustive currentness certification. Ghana is not listed in roster I.2 as of2026-01-01. A country-page omission does not prove absence of all later MLI/legal developments.
Text language and status
en · authentic-language-transcription · machine-transcription
BGBl. 2006 II S. 1018 | de-ghana-2006-base | de-ghana-2006-base | BGBl. 2006 II S. 1018 | Signed: 2004-08-12 | Gazette publication: 2006-12-07 | Article 5 | en | Pending human wording, completeness, source-authority, currentness, alignment and rendering review. No legal review performed. | /library/treaties/de-ghana-2006-base/en/articles/article-5/
Source, edition and limits
Source edition
de-ghana-2006-base | BGBl. 2006 II S. 1018 | Signed: 2004-08-12 | Gazette publication: 2006-12-07
Source form
official-publication PDF with native text layer; reader is a machine transcription
Source scope
original implementing law, bilingual base treaty and accompanying protocol; not a current consolidated text
Retrieved
2026-09-30
Text and language scope
Unreviewed coordinate-based machine transcription of this original source edition only. Printed line breaks, hyphens and uncertain token spacing are retained, not silently corrected. Treaty preamble, closing formula, protocol and shared signatures are separate retained assets, not part of the last article. Full supplements: /review/de-ghana-2006-base/. PDF page links identify pages, not verified paragraph correspondence.
Review status
Pending human wording, completeness, source-authority, currentness, alignment and rendering review. No legal review performed.
Currentness
Original source edition; not a verified current-law consolidation. Unknown. No current-law consolidation, effective-period determination, MLI application, or complete amendment-chain verification has been performed. Original publication year is not a current applicability date. No later amendment identified in roster I.1 or cached/fetched BMF article. The October1 HTML section was checked and matches the cache; this is not exhaustive currentness certification. Ghana is not listed in roster I.2 as of2026-01-01. A country-page omission does not prove absence of all later MLI/legal developments.
Protocols and later instruments
The protocol printed with this agreement is separately preserved in source supplements; it has not been merged into treaty articles. Subsequent protocols, amendments, MLI effects, replacements and suspensions are unresolved. This is not a consolidated current-law instrument. Source-triage warnings: No later amendment identified in roster I.1 or cached/fetched BMF article. The October1 HTML section was checked and matches the cache; this is not exhaustive currentness certification. Ghana is not listed in roster I.2 as of2026-01-01. A country-page omission does not prove absence of all later MLI/legal developments.
Text language and status
en · authentic-language-transcription · machine-transcription