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- 1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term ‘permanent establishment’ means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
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- 2. The term ‘permanent establishment’ includes especially:
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- (a) a place of management;
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- (b) a branch;
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- (c) an office;
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- (d) a factory;
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- (e) a workshop; and
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- (f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.
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- 3. A building site, a construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith, constitute a permanent establishment only if such site, project or activities last more than six months.
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- 4. The term ‘permanent establishment’ also encompasses the furnishing of services (including consultancy services) by an enterprise, directly or through employees or other personnel engaged by the enterprise for such purpose, in connection with a site, a project or supervisory activities referred to in paragraph 3, if those services continue within a Contracting Party in connection with such site, project or activities for a period or periods aggregating more than 183 days within any twelve-month period.
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- 5. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term ‘permanent establishment’ shall be deemed not to include:
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- (a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;
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- (b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;
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- (c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;
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- (d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;
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- (e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character;
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- (f) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
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- 6. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies - is acting in a Contracting Party on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting Party, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned Contracting Party in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, if such a person has, and habitually exercises, in the first-mentioned Contracting Party an authority to conclude contracts on behalf of the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 5 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
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- 7. An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting Party merely because it carries on business in that Party through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.
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- 8. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting Party controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting Party, or which carries on business in that other Party (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.