(1) A los efectos del presente Convenio, la expresión “esta-
blecimiento permanente” significa un lugar fijo de negocios me-
diante el cual una empresa realiza toda o parte de su actividad.
(2) La expresión “establecimiento permanente” comprende,
en particular:
a) las sedes de dirección;
b) las sucursales;
c) las oficinas;
d) las fábricas;
e) los talleres; y
f) las minas, los pozos de petróleo o de gas, las canteras o
cualquier otro lugar de extracción de recursos naturales.
(3) Una obra de construcción o un proyecto de construcción
o instalación constituyen un establecimiento permanente única-
mente si su duración excede de doce meses.
(4) No obstante las disposiciones anteriores de este artículo,
se considera que la expresión “establecimiento permanente” no
incluye:
a) la utilización de instalaciones con el único fin de almacenar,
exponer o entregar bienes o mercancías pertenecientes a la
empresa;
b) el mantenimiento de un depósito de bienes o mercancías
pertenecientes a la empresa con el único fin de almacenarlas,
exponerlas o entregarlas;
c) el mantenimiento de un depósito de bienes o mercancías
pertenecientes a la empresa con el único fin de que sean
transformadas por otra empresa;
d) el mantenimiento de un lugar fijo de negocios con el único
fin de comprar bienes o mercancías, o de recoger informa-
ción, para la empresa;
e) el mantenimiento de un lugar fijo de negocios con el único
fin de realizar para la empresa cualquier otra actividad de ca-
rácter auxiliar o preparatorio;
f) el mantenimiento de un lugar fijo de negocios con el único
fin de realizar cualquier combinación de las actividades men-
cionadas en los subapartados a) a e), con la condición de
que el conjunto de la actividad del lugar fijo de negocios que
resulte de esa combinación conserve su carácter auxiliar o
preparatorio.
(5) No obstante lo dispuesto en los apartados 1 y 2, cuando
una persona, distinta de un agente independiente al que será
aplicable el apartado 6, actúe por cuenta de una empresa y ten-
ga y ejerza habitualmente en un Estado contratante poderes que
la faculten para concluir contratos en nombre de la empresa, se
considerará que esa empresa tiene un establecimiento perma-
nente en ese Estado respecto de las actividades que dicha per-
sona realice para la empresa, a menos que las actividades de
esa persona se limiten a las mencionadas en el apartado 4 y que,
de haber sido realizadas por medio de un lugar fijo de negocios,
no hubieran determinado la consideración de dicho lugar fijo de
negocios como un establecimiento permanente de acuerdo con
las disposiciones de ese apartado.
(6) No se considera que una empresa tiene un establecimien-
to permanente en un Estado contratante por el mero hecho de
que realice sus actividades en ese Estado por medio de un co-
rredor, un comisionista general o cualquier otro agente indepen-
diente, siempre que dichas personas actúen dentro del marco
ordinario de su actividad.
(7) El hecho de que una sociedad residente de un Estado con-
tratante controle una sociedad residente del otro Estado contra-
tante, o esté controlada por esta, o de que realice actividades
empresariales en ese otro Estado (ya sea por medio de estable-
cimiento permanente o de otra manera), no convierte por sí solo
a cualquiera de estas sociedades en establecimiento permanen-
te de la otra.
de-spain-2012-base | BGBl. 2012 II S. 18 | Signed: 2011-02-03 | Gazette publication: 2012-01-20
Source form
official-publication PDF retained unchanged; reader derives from an evidenced native font-map encoding-recovery derivative, not OCR
Source scope
original implementing law, bilingual base treaty and accompanying protocol; not a current consolidated text
Retrieved
2026-09-30
Text and language scope
The original signing clause identifies German and Spanish as equally authentic; both are supplied separately. Divergent interpretation is referred to Article24; no English treaty version is claimed. Unreviewed coordinate-based machine transcription of this original source edition only. Printed line breaks, hyphens and uncertain token spacing are retained, not silently corrected. Treaty preamble, closing formula, protocol and shared signatures are separate retained assets, not part of the last article. Full supplements: /review/de-spain-2012-base/. PDF page links identify pages, not verified paragraph correspondence. Signed 2011-02-03; consent law 2012-01-16; Gazette publication 2012-01-20; treaty entry into force UNRESOLVED in pinned audit (retained official-article audit evidence); general application from 2013-01-01 (roster, not universal tax-specific start). Encoding-recovery method: only independently evidenced source font code00 /space Unicode mappings U+0007 to U+0020 changed in a separately hashed derivative. CFF blank glyphs, 278-unit advances, unchanged decoded page content streams and 25/25 identical page renders evidence this mapping. Word regrouping is logged; every nonspace character is conserved in sequence within its physical source line. No generated treaty wording and no OCR.
Review status
Pending human wording, completeness, source-authority, currentness, alignment and rendering review. No legal review performed.
Currentness
Original source edition; not a verified current-law consolidation. Original base edition only; current law NOT verified. Integral protocol retained separately, not merged into the final article. Later changes and 2026 developments are not exhaustively verified. KNOWN MLI EFFECTS OMITTED: audit records general application from 2025-01-01 and Part VI from 2024-11-01; neither is incorporated. Tax-specific MLI application remains unreviewed. Replaces agreement signed 1966-12-05; exact transitional effects remain unreviewed. Bounded agent triage, no qualified wording/alignment/legal review. No exhaustive verification of all later 2026 developments. Matching digest proves retained source identity, not legal force.
Protocols and later instruments
Integral protocol retained separately, not merged into the final article. Later changes and 2026 developments are not exhaustively verified. KNOWN MLI EFFECTS OMITTED: audit records general application from 2025-01-01 and Part VI from 2024-11-01; neither is incorporated. Tax-specific MLI application remains unreviewed. Replaces agreement signed 1966-12-05; exact transitional effects remain unreviewed. Source-triage warnings: Bounded agent triage, no qualified wording/alignment/legal review. No exhaustive verification of all later 2026 developments. Matching digest proves retained source identity, not legal force. Known related/later instruments NOT included in this source (agent triage, not exhaustive): BEPS-MLI; general application from: 2025-01-01; part VI general application from: 2024-11-01
Text language and status
es · authentic-language-transcription · machine-transcription
BGBl. 2012 II S. 18 | de-spain-2012-base | de-spain-2012-base | BGBl. 2012 II S. 18 | Signed: 2011-02-03 | Gazette publication: 2012-01-20 | Article 5 | es | Pending human wording, completeness, source-authority, currentness, alignment and rendering review. No legal review performed. | /library/treaties/de-spain-2012-base/es/articles/article-5/
Source, edition and limits
Source edition
de-spain-2012-base | BGBl. 2012 II S. 18 | Signed: 2011-02-03 | Gazette publication: 2012-01-20
Source form
official-publication PDF retained unchanged; reader derives from an evidenced native font-map encoding-recovery derivative, not OCR
Source scope
original implementing law, bilingual base treaty and accompanying protocol; not a current consolidated text
Retrieved
2026-09-30
Text and language scope
The original signing clause identifies German and Spanish as equally authentic; both are supplied separately. Divergent interpretation is referred to Article24; no English treaty version is claimed. Unreviewed coordinate-based machine transcription of this original source edition only. Printed line breaks, hyphens and uncertain token spacing are retained, not silently corrected. Treaty preamble, closing formula, protocol and shared signatures are separate retained assets, not part of the last article. Full supplements: /review/de-spain-2012-base/. PDF page links identify pages, not verified paragraph correspondence. Signed 2011-02-03; consent law 2012-01-16; Gazette publication 2012-01-20; treaty entry into force UNRESOLVED in pinned audit (retained official-article audit evidence); general application from 2013-01-01 (roster, not universal tax-specific start). Encoding-recovery method: only independently evidenced source font code00 /space Unicode mappings U+0007 to U+0020 changed in a separately hashed derivative. CFF blank glyphs, 278-unit advances, unchanged decoded page content streams and 25/25 identical page renders evidence this mapping. Word regrouping is logged; every nonspace character is conserved in sequence within its physical source line. No generated treaty wording and no OCR.
Review status
Pending human wording, completeness, source-authority, currentness, alignment and rendering review. No legal review performed.
Currentness
Original source edition; not a verified current-law consolidation. Original base edition only; current law NOT verified. Integral protocol retained separately, not merged into the final article. Later changes and 2026 developments are not exhaustively verified. KNOWN MLI EFFECTS OMITTED: audit records general application from 2025-01-01 and Part VI from 2024-11-01; neither is incorporated. Tax-specific MLI application remains unreviewed. Replaces agreement signed 1966-12-05; exact transitional effects remain unreviewed. Bounded agent triage, no qualified wording/alignment/legal review. No exhaustive verification of all later 2026 developments. Matching digest proves retained source identity, not legal force.
Protocols and later instruments
Integral protocol retained separately, not merged into the final article. Later changes and 2026 developments are not exhaustively verified. KNOWN MLI EFFECTS OMITTED: audit records general application from 2025-01-01 and Part VI from 2024-11-01; neither is incorporated. Tax-specific MLI application remains unreviewed. Replaces agreement signed 1966-12-05; exact transitional effects remain unreviewed. Source-triage warnings: Bounded agent triage, no qualified wording/alignment/legal review. No exhaustive verification of all later 2026 developments. Matching digest proves retained source identity, not legal force. Known related/later instruments NOT included in this source (agent triage, not exhaustive): BEPS-MLI; general application from: 2025-01-01; part VI general application from: 2024-11-01
Text language and status
es · authentic-language-transcription · machine-transcription