1. For the purposes of this Convention, a person is a resident of a Contracting State:
(a) in the case of the United Kingdom, if the person is a resident of the United Kingdom for the purposes of United Kingdom tax; and
(b) in the case of Australia, if the person is a resident of Australia for the purposes of Australian tax.
A Contracting State or a political subdivision or local authority of that State is also a resident of that State for the purposes of this Convention.
2. A person is not a resident of a Contracting State for the purposes of this Convention if that person is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income or gains from sources in that State.
3. The status of an individual who, by reason of the preceding provisions of this Article is a resident of both Contracting States, shall be determined as follows:
(a) that individual shall be deemed to be a resident only of the Contracting State in which a permanent home is available to that individual; but if a permanent home is available in both States, or in neither of them, that individual shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State with which the individual’s personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);
(b) if the Contracting State in which the centre of vital interests is situated cannot be determined, the individual shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State of which that individual is a national;
(c) if the individual is a national of both Contracting States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve the question by mutual agreement.
4. [REPLACED by paragraph 1 of Article 4 and subparagraph e) of paragraph 3 of Article 4 of the MLI] [Whereby reason of the preceding provisions of this Article a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.]
The following paragraph 1 of Article 4 and subparagraph e) of paragraph 3 of Article 4 of the MLI replace paragraph 4 of Article 4 of this Convention:
ARTICLE 4 OF THE MLI – DUAL RESIDENT ENTITIES
Where by reason of the provisions of [the convention] a person other than an individual is a resident of both [Contracting States], the competent authorities of the [Contracting States] shall endeavour to determine by mutual agreement the [Contracting State] of which such person shall be deemed to be a resident for the purposes of [the convention], having regard to its place of effective management, the place where it is incorporated or otherwise constituted and any other relevant factors. In the absence of such agreement, such person shall not be entitled to any relief or exemption from tax provided by [the convention].
5. Notwithstanding paragraph 4 of this Article, where by reason of paragraph 1 of this Article a company, which is a participant in a dual listed company arrangement, is a resident of both Contracting States then it shall be deemed to be a resident only of the Contracting State in which it is incorporated, provided it has its primary stock exchange listing in that State.
6. The term “dual listed company arrangement” as used in this Article means an arrangement pursuant to which two publicly listed companies, while maintaining their separate legal entity status, shareholdings and listings, align their strategic directions and the economic interests of their respective shareholders through:
(a) the appointment of common (or almost identical) boards of directors;
(b) management of the operations of the two companies on a unified basis;
(c) equalised distributions to shareholders in accordance with an equalisation ratio applying between the two companies, including in the event of a winding up of one or both of the companies;
(d) the shareholders of both companies voting in effect as a single decision making body on substantial issues affecting their combined interests; and
(e) cross-guarantees as to, or similar financial support for, each other’s material obligations or operations, except where the effect of the relevant regulatory requirements prevents such guarantees or financial support.