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(1) For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “permanent establishment” means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
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(2) The term “permanent establishment” includes especially: a) a place of management; b) a branch; c) an office; d) a factory; e) a workshop; and f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of ex- traction of natural resources.
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(3) The term “permanent establishment” also encompasses: a) a building site, a construction, assembly or installation proj- ect or supervisory activities in connection therewith, but only if such site, project or activities last more than six months; b) the furnishing of services, including consultancy services, by an enterprise through employees or other personnel engaged by the enterprise for such purpose, but only if activities of that nature continue (for the same or a connected project) within a Contracting State for a period or periods aggregating more than six months within any twelve-month period.
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(4) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to in- clude: a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enter- prise; b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belong- ing to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, dis- play or delivery; c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belong- ing to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise; d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collect- ing information, for the enterprise; e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character; f) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
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(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person – other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6 applies – is acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, that enter- prise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned Contracting State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, if such a person has and habitually exercises in that State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in para- graph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business would not make this fixed place of business a permanent estab- lishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
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(6) An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.
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(7) The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contract- ing State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resi- dent of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a per- manent establishment of the other.