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#### Artikel 19. Pensions, Annuities, Alimony
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- 1 Subject to the provisions of [paragraph 2 of Article 20](#Verdrag_2_Verdragtekst_1_HoofdstukIII_Artikel20) (Government Service), pensions and other similar remuneration derived and beneficially owned by a resident of one of the States in consideration of past employment and any annuity shall be taxable only in that State.
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- 2 If, however, an individual deriving remuneration referred to in paragraph 1 was a resident of the other State at any time during the five-year period preceding the date of payment, the remuneration may be taxed in the other State if the remuneration is paid in consideration of employment exercised in the other State and the remuneration is not paid in the form of periodic payments, or a lump sum is paid in lieu of the right to receive an annuity.
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- 3 The provisions of paragraph 2 shall not apply to the portion of the remuneration or lump sum referred to in paragraph 2 that is contributed to a pension plan or retirement account under such circumstances that, if the remuneration or lump sum had been received from a payer in the State of the recipient's residence, the imposition of tax on the payment by the State of the recipient's residence would be deferred until the amount of the payment was withdrawn from the pension plan or retirement account to which it was contributed.
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- 4 Subject to the provisions of [paragraph 2 of Article 20](#Verdrag_2_Verdragtekst_1_HoofdstukIII_Artikel20) (Government Service), pensions and other payments made under the provisions of a public social security system and other public pensions paid by one of the States to a resident of the other State or a citizen of the United States shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State.
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- 5 The term “annuity” as used in this Article means a stated sum payable periodically at stated times during life or during a specified or ascertainable period of time under an obligation to make the payments in return for adequate and full consideration in money or money's worth.
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- 6 Alimony paid to a resident of one of the States shall be taxable only in that State. The term “alimony” as used in this paragraph means periodic payments made pursuant to a written separation agreement or a decree of divorce, separate maintenance, or compulsory support, as well as lump sum payments in lieu thereof, which payments are taxable to the recipient under the laws of the State of which he is a resident.
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- 7 Where an individual who is a resident of one of the States is a member or beneficiary of, or participant in, an exempt pension trust that is a resident of the other State, income earned by the exempt pension trust may be taxed as income of that individual only when, and, subject to the provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article, to the extent that, it is paid to, or for the benefit of, that individual from the exempt pension trust (and not transferred to another exempt pension trust in that other State).
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- 8 Where an individual who is a member or beneficiary of, or participant in, an exempt pension trust established in one of the States exercises an employment or self-employment in the other State:
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- a) contributions paid by or on behalf of that individual to the exempt pension trust during the period that he exercises an employment or self-employment in the other State shall be deductible (or excludible) in computing his taxable income in that other State; and
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- b) any benefits accrued under the exempt pension trust, or contributions made to the exempt pension trust by or on behalf of the individual's employer, during that period shall not be treated as part of the employee's taxable income and any such contributions shall be allowed as a deduction in computing the business profits of his employer in that other State. The relief available under this paragraph shall not exceed the relief that would be allowed by the other State to residents of that State for contributions to, or benefits accrued under, an exempt pension trust established in that State.
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- 9 The provisions of paragraph 8 of this Article shall not apply unless:
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- a) contributions by or on behalf of the individual, or by or on behalf of the individual's employer, to the exempt pension trust (or to another similar exempt pension trust for which the first-mentioned exempt pension trust was substituted) were made before the individual began to exercise an employment or self-employment in the other State; and
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- b) the competent authority of the other State has agreed that the exempt pension trust generally corresponds to an exempt pension trust established in that other State.
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- 10
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- a) Where a citizen of the United States who is a resident of the Netherlands exercises an employment in the Netherlands the income from which is taxable in the Netherlands and is borne by an employer who is a resident of the Netherlands or by a permanent establishment situated in the Netherlands, and the individual is a member or beneficiary of, or participant in, an exempt pension trust established in the Netherlands,
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- (i) contributions paid by or on behalf of that individual to the exempt pension trust during the period that he exercises the employment in the Netherlands, and that are attributable to the employment, shall be deductible (or excludible) in computing his taxable income in the United States; and
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- (ii) any benefits accrued under the exempt pension trust, or contributions made to the exempt pension trust by or on behalf of the individual's employer, during that period, and that are attributable to the employment, shall not be treated as part of the employee's taxable income in computing his taxable income in the United States. This paragraph shall apply only to the extent that the contributions or benefits qualify for tax relief in the Netherlands.
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- b) The relief available under this paragraph shall not exceed the relief that would be allowed by the United States to its residents for contributions to, or benefits accrued under, a generally corresponding exempt pension trust established in the United States.
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- c) For purposes of determining an individual's eligibility to participate in and receive tax benefits with respect to an exempt pension trust established in the United States, contributions made to, or benefits accrued under, an exempt pension trust established in the Netherlands shall be treated as contributions or benefits under a generally corresponding exempt pension trust established in the United States to the extent relief is available to the individual under this paragraph.
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- d) This paragraph shall not apply unless the competent authority of the United States has agreed that the exempt pension trust generally corresponds to an exempt pension trust established in the United States.
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- 11 The benefits of paragraphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 will apply with respect to an exempt pension trust that is established in the United States only if the pension trust undertakes to provide information and to provide surety to the tax authorities of the Netherlands in accordance with the Netherlands law regarding designated foreign pension trusts."